Habitats of North Carolina

Members of Upland Hardwood Forests:

Upland Hardwood Forests
General Hardwood Forests

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Habitat Overview

The presence of hardwood trees is the defining feature of this habitat. Oaks and hickories are common species but this habitat also includes species typical of northern hardwoods, mesic mixed forest, and mixtures of hardwoods and conifers. Closed canopy forests as well as more open woodlands are included, as are both upland and lowland stands. Soil chemistry is not a factor for this habitat, with examples occurring on both mafic and acidic substrates.

Defining species consist almost entirely of animal species, including polyphagous herbivores and predatory or omnivorous species that are associated with the structural features of hardwood forests. Species that are still more generalized -- making significant use of conifers as well as hardwoods -- are treated under the General Forests habitat. Species that use of shrub species that occur in forests and/or shrublands are treated under General Forests and Shrublands.

Related NHP Natural Communities

Determining Species

Taxa	Global Rank	State Rank	Probability of Extirpation (PE)
MOTHS
Acronicta americana - American Dagger	G5	S5	0.00
Acronicta impleta - Yellow-haired Dagger	G5	S5	0.00
Actias luna - Luna Moth	G5	S5	0.00
Adoneta spinuloides - Purple-crested Slug Moth	G4G5	S4S5	0.0002
Amphipyra pyramidoides - Copper Underwing	G5	S5	0.00
Antaeotricha leucillana - Pale Gray Bird-dropping Moth	GNR	S3S5	0.0007
Antheraea polyphemus - Polyphemus Moth	G5	S5	0.00
Apoda biguttata - Shagreened Slug Moth	G5	S5	0.00
Apoda y-inversum - Yellow-collared Slug Moth	G5	S4S5	0.0002
Besma quercivoraria - Oak Besma Moth	G5	S5	0.00
Bibarrambla allenella - Bog Bibarrambla Moth	GNR	SU	0.0020
Caloptilia superbifrontella	GNR	SU	0.0020
Cameraria hamameliella	GNR	SU	0.0020
Charadra deridens - Laugher Moth	G5	S5	0.00
Chytolita morbidalis - Morbid Owlet Moth	G5	S5	0.00
Dichomeris ligulella - Palmerworm Moth	GNR	S5	0.00
Drasteria grandirena - Figure-seven Moth	G5	S3S4	0.0020
Ectropis crepuscularia - Small Engrailed Moth	G5	S5	0.00
Ennomos magnaria - Maple Spanworm Moth	G5	S4	0.0007
Ennomos subsignaria - Elm Spanworm Moth	G5	S4	0.0007
Euchlaena amoenaria - Deep Yellow Euchlaena	G5	S5	0.00
Euchlaena irraria - Least-marked Euchlaena	G5	S4S5	0.0002
Idia forbesii	GNR	S5	0.00
Idia lubricalis - Glossy Black Idia Moth	G5	S5	0.00
Idia scobialis - Smoky Idia Moth	GNR	S3S4	0.0020
Iridopsis larvaria - Bent-line Gray Moth	G5	S5	0.00
Isa textula - Crowned Slug Moth	G5	S5	0.00
Isochaetes beutenmuelleri - Spun Glass Slug Moth	G4	S4	0.0007
Lochmaeus manteo - Variable Oakleaf Caterpillar Moth	G5	S5	0.00
Machimia tentoriferella - Gold-striped Leaftier Moth	GNR	S4-S5
Malacosoma disstria - Forest Tent Caterpillar Moth	G5	S5	0.00
Metalectra discalis - Common Fungus Moth	G5	S5	0.00
Metalectra quadrisignata - Four-spotted Fungus Moth	GNR	S4S5	0.0002
Metalectra richardsi - Richards' Fungus Moth	G4	S4S5	0.0002
Nadata gibbosa - White-dotted Prominent	G5	S5	0.00
Natada nasoni - Nason's Slug Moth	G5	S5	0.00
Nemoria bistriaria - Red-fringed Emerald	G5	S5	0.00
Nemoria lixaria - Red-bordered Emerald	G5	S5	0.00
Nigetia formosalis - Thin-winged Owlet Moth
Nola triquetrana - Three-spotted Nola	G5	S4	0.0007
Olethreutes hamameliana	GNR	SU	0.0020
Paleacrita vernata - Spring Cankerworm Moth	GNR	S5	0.00
Palthis asopialis - Faint-spotted Palthis Moth	G5	S5	0.00
Paonias excaecata - Blind-eyed Sphinx	G5	S5	0.00
Paraclemensia acerifoliella - Maple Leafcutter Moth	GNR	SU	0.0020
Phalaenophana pyramusalis - Dark-banded Owlet Moth	G5	S5	0.00
Philonome clemensella	GNR	S3S4	0.0020
Plagodis alcoolaria - Hollow-spotted Plagodis Moth	G5	S5	0.00
Plagodis fervidaria - Fervid Plagodis Moth	G5	S5	0.00
Plagodis phlogosaria - Straight-lined Plagodis Moth	G5	S4	0.0007
Probole amicaria - Friendly Probole Moth	G5	S5	0.00
Pseudothyatira cymatophoroides - Tufted Thyatirid Moth	G5	S4S5	0.0002
Psilocorsis cryptolechiella - Black-fringed Leaftier Moth	GNR	S3S5	0.0007
Psilocorsis reflexella - Dotted Leaftier Moth	GNR	S4S5	0.0002
Redectis vitrea - White-spotted Redectis Moth	G4	S5	0.00
Renia factiosalis - Sociable Renia Moth	GNR	S4S5	0.0002
Renia flavipunctalis - Yellow-spotted Renia Moth	G5	S3S4	0.0020
Scolecocampa liburna - Deadwood Borer	G5	S5	0.00
Selenia kentaria - Kent's Geometer Moth	G5	S4	0.0007
Tetracis crocallata - Yellow Slant-line Moth	G5	S4S5	0.0002
Tolype velleda - Large Tolype Moth	G5	S5	0.00
Tortricidia testacea - Early Button Slug Moth	G4	S4	0.0007
Zale lunata - Lunate Zale	G5	S5	0.00
Zanclognatha jacchusalis - Wavy-lined Zanclognatha Moth	G5	S4S5	0.0002
Zanclognatha marcidilinea - Yellowish Zanclognatha Moth	GNR	S4S5	0.0002
FORBS
Amorpha schwerinii - Piedmont Indigo-bush	G3G4	S3	0.0058
Chimaphila maculata - Spotted Wintergreen	G5	S5	0.00
Hexastylis minor - Little Heartleaf	G4G5	S4	0.0007
Hexastylis virginica - Virginia Heartleaf	G4	SNR
Hylodesmum nudiflorum - Naked Tick-trefoil	G5	S5	0.00
FROGS
Anaxyrus americanus - American Toad	G5	S5	0.00
Hyla chrysoscelis - Cope's Gray Treefrog	G5	S5	0.00
Hyla versicolor - Gray Treefrog	G5	S2	0.0460
BEETLES
Anelaphus parallelus -
Cicindela sexguttata - Six-spotted Tiger Beetle	G5	S5	0.00
BIRDS
Baeolophus bicolor - Tufted Titmouse	G5	S5	0.00
Coccyzus americanus - Yellow-billed Cuckoo	G5	S5	0.00
Cyanocitta cristata - Blue Jay	G5	S5	0.00
Hylocichla mustelina - Wood Thrush	G4	S4	0.0007
Meleagris gallopavo - Wild Turkey	G5	S5	0.00
Piranga olivacea - Scarlet Tanager	G5	S5	0.00
Polioptila caerulea - Blue-gray Gnatcatcher	G5	S5	0.00
Seiurus aurocapilla - Ovenbird	G5	S5	0.00
Setophaga citrina - Hooded Warbler	G5	S5	0.00
Sitta carolinensis - White-breasted Nuthatch	G5	S5	0.00
Vireo flavifrons - Yellow-throated Vireo	G5	S4	0.0007
Vireo olivaceus - Red-eyed Vireo	G5	S5	0.00
HARDWOODS
Cornus florida -
Ilex opaca - American Holly	G5	S5	0.00
ORTHOPTERANS
Cyrtoxipha columbiana - Columbian Trig	GNR	S5	0.00
Microcentrum retinerve - Lesser Angle-Wing	GNR	S5	0.00
Microcentrum rhombifolium - Greater Angle-Wing	GNR	S4S5	0.0002
Oecanthus exclamationis - Davis's Tree Cricket	GNR	S4S5	0.0002
Oecanthus niveus - Narrow-Winged Tree Cricket	GNR	S5	0.00
Pterophylla camellifolia - Common True Katydid	GNR	S5	0.00
HEMIPTERAN HOPPERS
Eratoneura stoveri
SHRUBS
Hamamelis virginiana - American Witch-hazel	G5	S5	0.00
Nestronia umbellula - Nestronia	G4	S3	0.0058
Viburnum acerifolium - Mapleleaf Viburnum	G5	S5	0.00
MILLIPEDES
Sigmoria latior latior
MAMMALS
Tamias striatus - Eastern Chipmunk	G5	S5	0.00
TURTLES
Terrapene carolina - Eastern Box Turtle	G5	S5	0.00
Expected Number of Extirpations with a PE value (Sum of PE) = 0.0864
N = Number of Extant Species with a PE value = 36
Average PE = ENE/N = 0.0024
Number of S5 species = 58
Proportion of Secure Species = Number of S5 Species/N = 1.6111
Habitat Risk Index = ENE x (1 – PSS) = -0.0528

Phagic and Competitory Symbioses: (Cornus florida/Antispila cornifoliella-Euthyatira pudens) // (Hamamelis virginiana/Acronicta hamamelis-Cameraria hamameliella-Caloptilia superbifrontella-Drasteria grandirena-Nola triquetrana-Olethreutes hamameliana)

Candidates for Inclusion

Habitat Sub-sets

Distribution Map

Distribution

Survey Coverage Map

Survey Coverage

Survey Priorities

Average Imperilment of Habitat Members

Habitat Conservation Status

High Quality Habitat Occurrence Table

High Quality Habitat Occurrences

Protected Habitat Occurrences

Threats and Trends

Status Summary

Stewardship Recommendations

References

Updated on

2021-05-01 01:05:23