Moths of North Carolina

Scientific Name:	Common Name:		Family (Alpha):

View PDF	Momphidae Members:	Mompha Members:	10 NC Records
Mompha passerella (Busck, 1909) - No Common Name

view caption

Taxonomy

Superfamily: Gelechioidea	Family: Momphidae	Subfamily: Momphinae	Tribe: [momphini]	P3 Number: 59a1844	MONA Number: 1450.00
Comments: The genus Mompha consists of around 46 described species in North America. In addition, numerous species remain to be described that are centered in the southwestern US (Bruzzese et al., 2019). The adults are small moths that have two or more tufts of raised scales on each forewing. The larvae either mine leaves, or bore into the stems, flower buds, flowers, or fruits of their hosts. The majority of species feed on members of the Onagraceae, but others feed on species in the Cistaceae, Lythraceae, Melastomataceae, and Rubiaceae.

Identification

Field Guide Descriptions:	Online Resources: MPG, BugGuide, iNaturalist, Google, BAMONA, GBIF, BOLD	Technical Description, Adults: Busck (1909a); Forbes (1923)	Technical Description, Immature Stages: Eiseman (2019)
Adult Markings: The following description is primarily based on that of Busck (1909a) and Forbes (1923). The labial palp is long, recurved, and white with a gray spot or ill-defined brown annulation at the end of the second joint. The face, head, and thorax are silvery white, and the antenna brown. Several black dots are usually present towards the front of the body, including one at the front of the thorax, two near its posterior margin, and a small black dot near the base of the forewing near the middle of the wing. The basal half of the forewing is white and slightly overlaid with ocherous. There is a small black costal streak at the basal third that is sometimes reduced to a spot. The exterior half of the wing is strongly overlaid with golden brown, except near the tornus, and is edged towards the white basal half by a tuft of black raised scales near the dorsal edge. Another similar tuft with a whitish base is found near the dorsal edge at the apical third. Between these tufts there is a posteriorly oblique costal streak that is short and black. It is margined posteriorly by a broader white streak that approaches the second scale tuft. One or two additional white costal streaks are usually evident toward the apex. In the apical part of the wing there is a small, longitudinal, central black dash that often has a faint silvery margin on both sides. A transverse black line is present on the apical cilia. The basal two-thirds of the hindwing is deep black, and the apical third fuscous. The legs are white, with the tarsi annulated with black. This species resembles Mompha eloisella, but lacks the bold black spotting on the basal half of the body.
Wingspan: 7 mm (Busck, 1909a)
Adult ID Requirements: Identifiable from good quality photos of unworn specimens.
Immatures and Development: The larvae are leafminers and use hosts such as Hairy Pinweed with very small leaves. The hatchling initially forms a linear and often winding mine with frass in a central line. The mine eventually expands into a full-depth blotch with frass in compact to elongate pellets (Eiseman, 2019). The larva may leave the initial mine to produce a secondary mine, and the blotch can often expand to include most of the leaf. The cocoon is spun outside the mine. Larvae that were found in Oklahoma in late April spun cocoons in early May, with the adults emerging about two weeks later. Tracy Feldman collected larvae in North Carolina in late August, and the adults emerged in late September.
Larvae ID Requirements: Identifiable only through rearing to adulthood.

Distribution in North Carolina


Distribution: Mompha passerella is restricted to eastern North America where it occurs in southern Ontario and the eastern US. Adults have been found in the US from Massachusetts southward to southern Florida, southern Alabama and Mississippi. Most records are from the Coastal Plain, but a few scattered records are from further inland, including Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, and western North Carolina. As of 2021, all of our records are from the Coastal Plain, except for one isolated record from a lower elevation site in the Blue Ridge.
County Map: Clicking on a county returns the records for the species in that county.


Flight Dates: High Mountains (HM) ≥ 4,000 ft. Low Mountains (LM) < 4,000 ft. Piedmont (Pd) Coastal Plain (CP) Click on graph to enlarge
Flight Comments: Adults can be found year-round in Florida and from April through October in areas outside of North Carolina. As of 2021, we have adult records that extends from as early as March on the coast to September and October farther inland.

Habitats and Life History

Habitats: The larvae feed on frostweeds and pinweeds, which are members of the Cistaceae. These are commonly found in relatively dry, sandy, open habitats. The only documented host in North Carolina is Hairy Pinweed, which can be found in dry openings, fields, sandhills, dunes, and similar habitats.

Larval Host Plants: The known hosts include species of Crocanthemum and Lechea. Hairy Pinweed (Lechea mucronata) is the only documented host within the state, but other species in the Cistaceae are presumably used. - View

Observation Methods: The adults occasionally visit lights. We recommend searching for the leaf mines and rearing adults to better document host use in North Carolina.

Wikipedia

Status in North Carolina

Natural Heritage Program Status:

Natural Heritage Program Ranks: GNR [SU]

State Protection:

Comments: As of 2021, we have only five site records. We are uncertain if the paucity of records reflects true rarity or the undercollecting of specimens.

Photo Gallery for Mompha passerella - No common name		Photos: 12
	Recorded by: David George, Stephen Dunn, Jeff Niznik on 2023-08-18 Caswell Co. Comment:	Recorded by: David George, Stephen Dunn, Jeff Niznik on 2023-08-18 Caswell Co. Comment:
	Recorded by: Mark Shields on 2020-03-18 Onslow Co. Comment:	Recorded by: Mark Shields on 2019-10-04 Onslow Co. Comment:
	Recorded by: Tracy S. Feldman on 2019-09-02 Scotland Co. Comment: Linear mines on Lechea mucronata leaves.	Recorded by: Tracy S. Feldman on 2019-09-02 Scotland Co. Comment: Linear mines on Lechea mucronata leaves.
	Recorded by: Tracy S. Feldman on 2019-09-02 Scotland Co. Comment: Linear mines on Lechea mucronata leaves.	Recorded by: B. Bockhahn, J. Anderson on 2017-03-29 Cumberland Co. Comment:
	Recorded by: Tracy S. Feldman on 2016-08-30 Scotland Co. Comment: Linear mines on Lechea mucronata leaves.	Recorded by: Tracy S. Feldman on 2016-08-30 Scotland Co. Comment: Linear mines on Lechea mucronata leaves.
	Recorded by: Tracy S. Feldman on 2016-08-30 Scotland Co. Comment: Linear mines on Lechea mucronata leaves.	Recorded by: K. Kittelberger, P. Scharf on 2014-09-27 Beaufort Co. Comment:

Mompha passerella (Busck, 1909) - No Common Name

Photo Gallery for Mompha passerella - No common name

Photos: 12