Moths of North Carolina

sciName	taxonomic_comments	id_comments	habitat	food	observation_methods	state_protection	NHP_ranks	status_comments
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Carmenta ithacae MONA_number: 2600.00		The following description is based primarily on that of Engelhardt (1946). In the males, the antenna is metallic black with a short area of whitish shading near the tip. The palp is whitish or pale ye...	...	...	...			...
Carmenta bassiformis Ironweed Clearwing MONA_number: 2596.00		The following description is based primarily on that of Forbes (1923) and Engelhardt (1946). In the males, the antenna is black with bluish reflections and often has a short area of buff shading near ...	Local populations are generally associated with mesic edge habitats, old fields, openings in bottomland sites and similar habitats that support rank weedy perennials....	The larvae feed on species of ironweed (Vernonia) and possibly Joe-Pye weeds Eutrochium (Forbes, 1923; Engelhardt,1946; Covell, 1984). The reported hosts include Sweet Joe-pye-weed (E...	The adults are not attracted to lights. They are diurnal and can be found on flowers or resting on the upper surfaces of vegetation during the day. They are most active during the warmer hours of the ...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.		...
Schinia jaguarina Jaguar Flower Moth MONA_number: 11132.00	One of 126 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2011), the majority of which occur in the West; 25 have been recorded in North Carolina.	A medium sized Noctuid but one of the largest Flower Moths. This species has a bicolored pattern, with the median and terminal areas of the forewing being tan to luteous and contrasting with the dark...	Except for the historic record given in Brimley (1938), for which the habitat was not recorded, all of our records come from loammy Longleaf Pine savannas or Sandhill Seeps possessing populations of O...	Stenophagous, feeding on species of Scurf-pea (formerly Psoralea but now divided into Orbexelium and a few other genera) (Wyatt, 1953; Bess, 2005). In North Carolina, it appears to be associated with...	Comes at least to some extent to blacklights, but searches for larvae or adults resting on the flowers of the host plant may provide a more efficient way of surveying for this species....	Listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program. That designation, however, does not confer any legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G4 S1S2	This species is strongly associated with native grasslands and has the main part of its range in the prairies of the Midwest (Bess, 2005; Metzlar et al., 2005). Despite its wide range, it is considere...
Schinia indiana Phlox Moth MONA_number: 11095.00	One of 126 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2011), the majority of which occur in the West; 25 have been recorded in North Carolina.	A small, purplish-red Flower Moth. The head and thorax are dark brown to olive. The abdomen is also dark but with fine pale lines at the ends of the segments and a yellow tuft at the posterior tip. Th...	Most of the habitats where this species has been recorded in the Midwest consist of open sand ridges (Kwiat, 1908), barrens, dry woodlands, and ecotonal or disturbed habitats (Schweitzer et al., 2011)...	Possibly monophagous, with Downy Phlox (Pholx pilosa) being the only host plant observed in the wild (Kwiat, 1908; Hardwick, 1959; Schweitzer et al., 2011). However, Hardwick (1958) was able to rear ...	Adults apparently do not come to lights (Schweitzer et al., 2011) and most, if not all, records have come from direct searching for adults or larvae resting on the flowers of their host plants....	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G2G4 SH	This species is known from fewer than twenty locations throughout its range, which is located mainly in the upper Midwest, although apparently disjunct populations have been reported in Texas, Georgi...
Pyrrhia aurantiago Orange Sallow MONA_number: 11065.00	One of three species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010), all of which have been recorded in North Carolina. This species was previously included in the genus Rhodoecia, which was merged with Pyrrhia by Pogue (2008).	A medium-sized Sun Moth. The ground color is dull orange to brown and variably shaded with purplish; the forewings of very fresh specimens can be completely overlain by reddish scales (Schweitzer et a...	Except for the one record from the Mountains, where the habitat was not recorded, our records all come from dry-to-xeric, sandy habitat in the Coastal Plain, including Pine-Scrub Oak Sandhills, Coasta...	Stenophagous, feeding on species of Oak-leech (Aureolaria spp.). Based on the habitats used in North Carolina, Southern Oak-leech (Aureolaria pectinata) -- associated with Turkey Oak woodlands and ot...	Comes to blacklights to some extent, but like other members of the Heliothinae, searches for larvae or adults resting on the flowers of their host plants may be the most effective way of finding this ...	Listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program. That designation, however, does not confer any legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G3G4 SH	This species is regarded as uncommon to rare throughout its range and is considered historic and possibly extirpated in several states where it once occurred (Schweitzer et al., 2011). In North Caroli...
sciName	taxonomic_comments	id_comments	habitat	food	observation_methods	state_protection	NHP_ranks	status_comments
Aplectoides condita None MONA_number: 10999.00	A North American genus with a single species.	Adults are large and very mottled, with whitish reniform and orbicular spots (usually but sometimes concolorous) and reddish scaling between the subterminal and postmedial lines. Sexes are similar....	Our records come solely from High Mountain (>4,000') habitats, in association with Northern Hardwood Forests, Spruce-fir Forests, or rock outcrop communities. ...	McCabe (1988) reared larvae from a wild-caught female on Larch (Larix laricina), a species that does not occur naturally in North Carolina. To a lesser extent, the larvae also fed on Balsam Fi...	Adults readily come to light but their response to bait and flowers is unknown....	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G5 S1S2	We have very few records for this species in North Carolina, all from high elevations summits, suggesting that it may be Pleistocene relict. More work is needed to identify the larval hosts in North C...
Hemipachnobia monochromatea Sundew Cutworm Moth MONA_number: 10993.10	Hemipachnobia is a North American genus composed of two species, both of which have been recorded in eastern North Carolina. The genus Hemipachnobia was defined by McDunnough in 1929, with H. monochromatea designated as the type species (McDunnough, 1929; Lafontaine, 1998). Although Smith (1891) tentatively listed subporphyrea as a synonym of monochromatea, other authors treated the two species as belonging to separate genera until relatively recently (Hall and Sullivan, 2000).	A medium-sized Noctuine. The ground color is typically reddish-brown, occasionally with a tawny tint (Forbes, 1954; Lafontaine, 1998), as in our two specimens, although there is a a form in New Jersey...	Both of our records come from an extensive area of peatlands. One record was from a High Pocosin and the other from a Pond Pine Woodland. Both of these areas are located close to a large area of Low P...	Hooker (1919) described early instar larvae as feeding on the undersides of the leaves of sundews (Drosera sp.), but later switching to feeding on Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon). Timo...	Comes well to blacklights but we are not aware of records from bait or from flowers....	Listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program. That designation, however, does not confer any legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G4 SH	The sole North Carolina occurrence of this species appears to be disjunct from the rest of its range; the next nearest known populations occur in New Jersey (Lafontaine, 1998). This species may also b...
Euxoa campestris Flat Dart MONA_number: 10756.00	One of 181 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010), the majority of which are found in the West and North; only thirteen species have been recorded in North Carolina. Euxoa campestris belongs to the Declarata Species Group in Subgenus Euxoa (Lafontaine, 1987), which contains three species in addition to campestris; E. declarata is the only other member of this group that occurs in North Carolina.	A medium-sized Noctuid. The form that occurs in North Carolina has a dark, blackish-brown ground color, with reddish-brown shading in the basal and terminal areas. The antemedian, and postmedian lines...	Both of our records come from high elevation forests, including stands of Spruce-Fir Forests and Northern Hardwoods...	Larval host plants appear to be unknown (Lafontaine, 1987), but like most species of Euxoa, probably include a wide range of low-growing plants (Wagner et al., 2011)....	Comes in low numbers to blacklights. At least some members of this genus visit flowers (e.g., E. detersa, Wagner et al., 2011)....	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G5 SH	This species, along with a few others in this genus, appear to be Pleistocene relicts in North Carolina, found mainly far to the north or in montane areas in the West but occurring disjunctly at high ...
Euxoa declarata Clear Dart MONA_number: 10755.00	One of 181 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010), the majority of which are found in the West and North; only thirteen species have been recorded in North Carolina. Euxoa declarata belongs to the Declarata Species Group in Subgenus Euxoa (Lafontaine, 1987), which contains three species in addition to declarata; E. campestris is the only other member of this group that occurs in North Carolina.	A medium-sized Noctuid. The form that occurs in North Carolina has a violet-brown ground color, with black basal, antemedian, and postmedian lines. The spots are also outlined in black; the reniform a...	All of our records come from high elevation forests, including stands of Spruce and Northern Hardwoods. Moisture regimes range from mesic to fairly dry....	Larval host plants appear to be unknown (Lafontaine, 1987), but like most species of Euxoa, probably include a wide range of low-growing plants (Wagner et al., 2011)....	Comes in low numbers to blacklights. At least some members of this genus visit flowers (e.g., E. detersa, Wagner et al., 2011)....	Listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program. That designation, however, does not confer any legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G5 SH	This species, along with a few others in this genus, appear to be Pleistocene relicts in North Carolina, found mainly far to the north or in montane areas in the West but occurring disjunctly at high ...
Dichagyris broui None MONA_number: 10701.10	Prior to Lafontaine's revision (Lafontaine, 2004), this genus name was used only for Eurasian species. Lafontaine found that several North American species previously associated with the genera Loxagrotis, Pseudoseptis, Pseudorthosia, and some species of Richia are structurally similar to Dichagyris and he consequently treated them as North American genera subgenera of Dichagyris. Twenty-six species are currently listed on MPG with the majority occurring in the West. Only four have been recorded east of the Mississippi, with only one found in North Carolina.	...	This species has so far only been collected in a Pea-Swale in the Fall-line Sandhills....	The immature stages and larval host are unknown (Lafontaine, 2003), but the few other species in this genus where this information exists, the larvae are associated with grasses....	...		[GNR] S1	This species has not been ranked by NatureServe (Explorer, accessed 2023-12-02) but appears to be globally rare; currently, it appears to have been recorded only in a small area along the Gulf Coast a...
sciName	taxonomic_comments	id_comments	habitat	food	observation_methods	state_protection	NHP_ranks	status_comments
Pachypolia atricornis Three-horned Sallow MONA_number: 9992.00	This is the only member of this solely North American genus.	A medium-large Sallow. The ground color of the forewings is grayish brown overlaid with an olive tint. The antemedian and postmedian lines are both highly waved, composed of a series of white lunules ...	Most of our records come from stands of Northern Hardwoods at elevations above 4,000', with two others from slightly lower sites but similar vegetation....	Larval hosts used in the wild have not been determined, but captive reared larvae fed upon Maples and Cherries (Wagner et al., 2011)....	All of our records were obtained using blacklight traps but this species is also known to come to bait (Grehan and Parker, 1995)....	Listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program. That designation, however, does not confer any legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G3G4 S1S2	This species is considered rare or uncommon throughout its range, the main portion of which is located in the upper Midwest, and we have only a few records for this species in the Southern Appalachian...
Lithophane oriunda Immigrant Pinion MONA_number: 9894.00	One of 51 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2015), 25 of which have been recorded in North Carolina	A medium-sized Pinion. The forewings typically have a dark, reddish-brown ground color, with heavy white shading along the costa that often forms a wider patch at the base of the wing (Forbes, 1954). ...	Both of the recorded locations in North Carolina are associated with fairly rich, mesic but successional stands of hardwoods at elevations between 3,000 and 4,000 ft....	Larvae were reared by Franclemont on Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana) (cited by Forbes, 1954). Wheeler & Hoebeke (1985) also list Common Ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius). We do not have...	Like other Lithophane, L. oriunda appears to come at least to some extent to blacklights but probably is much more likely to be observed at bait....	Listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program. That designation, however, does not confer any legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G4 S1S2	Forbes (1954) considered this species to be rare and local and prior to Lynch's discovery of this species in northwestern North Carolina, it had not apparently been found south of Pennsylvania and Wes...
Papaipema appassionata Pitcher-plant Borer Moth MONA_number: 9493.00	One of 44 species in this genus that occur in North America north of Mexico (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2015), 30 of which have been recorded in North Carolina	A medium-sized, brightly colored, and conspicuously spotted Papaipema. The basal and medial areas are largely yellow to ochre, with dark reddish-brown filling the subterminal and terminal areas, as we...	Our records come from Longleaf Pine Savannas in the Outer Coastal Plain and Sandhill Seeps in the Fall-line Sandhills. ...	Stenophagous, feeding solely on the rhizomes of Pitcher-plants (Sarracenia spp.); both Sarracenia flava and S. purpurea are known to be hosts for this species....	Adults come to blacklights but populations can be more easily detected looking for wilting Pitcher Plants and searching for the distinctive mounds of frass at the base of the stems....	Listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program. That designation, however, does not confer any legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G3G4 S1S2	This species is an extreme specialist on plants that are themselves highly specialized on open, sunny habitats with acidic, saturated soils. The savannas, sandhill seeps and open peatlands that once p...
Papaipema pterisii Bracken Borer Moth MONA_number: 9480.00	One of 44 species in this genus that occur in North America north of Mexico (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2015), 30 of which have been recorded in North Carolina	...	We have one current record from a high elevation semi-natural grassland...	Larvae appears to be monophagous on Bracken (Wagner et al., 2011)...	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G5 S1S2	...
Cherokeea attakullakulla None MONA_number: 9454.70	The sole member of this genus, which is entirely confined to the Southern Appalachians (Quinter and Sullivan, 2014). Previously considered a form or species related to the Oligia semicana complex, which has now been revised by Troubridge and Lafontaine (2002), who placed most of the group in a new genus, Neoligia. Only Neoligia crytora of that group is known to occur in North Carolina.	A medium sized Noctuid, with somewhat elongated and pointed wings. The ground color of the forewings is a dull gray-brown, with the hindwings an even paler, unmarked gray. Two slightly different forms...	All of our records for this species come from sites supporting populations of Hill Cane (Arundinaria appalachiana) (Quinter and Sullivan, 2014). Unlike the more widespread River Cane (A. gigantea) and...	Probably monophagous on Hill Cane (Arundinaria appalachiana) (Quinter and Sullivan, 2014)....	Appears to come fairly well to blacklights. Like other cane-feeding moths, it may be easier to find by direct searching in canebrakes at night, for both larvae and adults (Quinter and Sullivan, 2014)....	Listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program. That designation, however, does not confer any legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G2? S1S2	This species has a very small global range and probably merits a Global Rank of at least G2G3. All known populations are associated with Hill Cane, a species that itself has a small global range and h...
sciName	taxonomic_comments	id_comments	habitat	food	observation_methods	state_protection	NHP_ranks	status_comments
Protapamea louisae Louisa's Cane Cutworm MONA_number: 9454.30	One of two species in this recently described genus (Quinter, 2009), both of which occur solely in eastern North America and have been recorded in North Carolina.	A medium-sized noctuid. The two species of Protapamea are very similar in overall forewing pattern, but the ground color is typically much darker in P. louisae and less warm brown than ...	The habitat and species of cane where Franclemont collected his specimen is unknown, but he also collected specimens of Cherokeea attakullakula, another cane-feeding species, in the same genera...	Stenophagous, feeding on species of Cane (Arundinaria spp.) (Quinter, 2009). All specimens from North Carolina were collected in the vicinity of Giant Cane (Arundinaria gigantea), upon w...	Except for the specimen collected by Franclemont in North Carolina (now apparently missing), no adults of this species had been collected or observed in the wild until 2018, when Jim Petranka photogra...	Listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program. That designation, however, does not confer any legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	GNR S1S2	Prior to 2018, Protapamea louisae had not been seen in North Carolina since Franclemont first found it at Highlands in the 1950s. This species is associated with Giant Cane and probably occurs ...
Lemmeria digitalis Fingered Lemmeria MONA_number: 9429.00	The sole member of this genus, which is confined to eastern North America	A small brown Noctuid with a distinctive trapezoidal median area on the forewings that is darker than the basal and terminal areas and bounded by nearly straight, contrastingly pale yellow antemedian ...	The sole known North Carolina population is associated with a shallow, mucky impoundment dominated by sedges and wetland grasses. Mitchell's Sedge (Carex mitchelliana) is the most abundant herbaceous ...	Hosts are apparently unknown (Rings et al., 1996) but larvae are possibly borers in sedges (D.F. Schweitzer, pers. comm.)....	Appears to come well to blacklights. The proboscis is rudimentary (Forbes, 1954), so adults do not come to either bait or flowers....	Listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program. That designation, however, does not confer any legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G4 SH	This species is primarily a northern and mid-western species, although there are records as far south as Florida (e.g., Kimball, 1965). It appears to be uncommon to rare, or at least poorly known in s...
Melanapamea mixta None MONA_number: 9361.00	Melanapamea mixta is the sole member of its genus, to which it was moved from Apamea by Mikkola et al. (2009) based on significant genitalic differences. The authors further suggest that Melanapamea may not, in fact, be closely related to Apamea but has at least some traits that link it to Oligia. Forbes (1954) had also concluded that mixta was not related to other members of Septis (= Apamea) but linked it more to Resapamea (=Luperina) passer than Oligia.	A medium-sized Noctuid, with nearly all black forewings and fuscous-brown hindwings (Forbes, 1954). The ground color of the forewings is dull blackish-brown. The lines and outlines of the spots are a...	Most of our records come from the Mountains, where its habitats have not been recorded in detail but may include mesic hardwood forests and/or dry ridges and/or pastures. In the Coastal Plain, our rec...	Unknown. The mix of habitats used in North Carolina have no obvious common denominators....	Comes to blacklights and building lights to some extent, but how well is unknown. We have no records from bait....	Listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program. That designation, however, does not confer any legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	GU S2	This rarely collected species appears to be very local in its distribution, with large disjunctions in is overall range -- an apparently isolated population occurs in a restricted area of the Pacific ...
Elaphria cyanympha Green Midget MONA_number: 9297.20	One of fifteen species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010), of which ten have been recorded in North Carolina. Originally placed by Ferguson (1988) in the genus Cryphia but provisionally moved to Elaphria by Lafontaine and Schmidt (2010). Information based primarily on molecular data and/or genitalia indicate that the genus that this species currently is assigned to is misapplied, but the correct genus to which it should be assigned has not been determined by experts. The genus name is sometimes placed in quotation marks ("Elaphria” cyanympha) to indicate the misapplied name.	A small lichen-mimic Noctuid with greenish-white or light blue-green forewings. The basal, antemedian, and postmedian lines are all black and partly edged with white and there is a prominent black rec...	Our records come from dry hardwood and sandhill habitats, including highly xeric sand barrens. This is consistent with Kons and Borth's (2008) identification of this species as dependent on Xeric Oak-...	Unknown, but Ferguson (1988) speculated they might feed on lichens, based on records for the closely related Puerto Rican species, Elaphria jucundella. Ferguson mentioned tree lichens in the ge...	Appears to come well to blacklights, with multiple individuals being caught at most of the sites where the species has been found....	Listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program. That designation does not confer any legal protection, however, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G4 SH	Despite the extensive moth surveys that have been conducted in sandhills habitats in the Coastal Plain, we have very few records for this generally poorly known species. It does not appear to be diffi...
Acronicta dolli Doll's Dagger MONA_number: 9277.00	One of 74 species in this genus found in North America north of Mexico (Schmidt and Anweiler, 2020), 42 of which have been recorded in North Carolina. This species was previously placed in a separate genus, Merolonche, but was moved to Acronicta by Lafontaine and Schmidt (2010).	A medium-sized Noctuid with dark to medium gray forewings and whitish hindwings (Forbes, 1954; Schweitzer et al., 2011). The transverse lines are filled with white and outlined heavily with black; the...	This species is associated with barrens habitat farther north. Our one record comes a stand of pines and hardwoods located about 600 meters from an area of Low Elevation Acidic Glade habitat on a rock...	Polyphagous, feeding on a wide range of shrubs and trees (Wagner et al., 2011); heaths and scrub oaks are commonly used in its typical barrens habitats. Wagner specifically lists oak, and Schweitzer e...	Schweitzer et al. (2011) report that adults of this species are difficult to collect. In contrast, larvae are apparently easily collected through beating shrubs and small trees; young larvae are also ...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G3G4 S1	This species is generally considered to be rare across its range, and our sole record for it, at the extreme southern end of its range, is consistent with that view. Schweitzer et al. (2011), however,...
sciName	taxonomic_comments	id_comments	habitat	food	observation_methods	state_protection	NHP_ranks	status_comments
Polychrysia morigera None MONA_number: 8902.00	One of six members of this Holarctic genus, two of which occur in North America (Lafontaine and Poole, 1991). Only P. morigera occurs in the East.	A medium-sized, mottled dark brown Looper, with a distinctive dagger-shaped, hollow stigma that reaches the postmedian line. Hindwings are a fairly dark brown....	We have records from cove forests at two sites, but also from Spruce-fir Forests...	The only reported hosts for this species are Larkspurs (Lafontaine and Poole, 1991). Our two native species are associated with rich soils, including rich cove forests in the mountains...	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G4 S1S2	Lafontaine and Poole (1991) regarded this species as the rarest Plusiine occurring in North America, despite its fairly wide range....
Catocala orba Orb Underwing MONA_number: 8856.00	One of 103 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2015), 67 of which have been recorded in North Carolina. Included by Barnes and McDunnough (1918) in their Group XVII (also adopted by Forbes, 1954), which feed mainly on members of the Rosaceae; 12 other members of this group (as redefined by Kons and Borth, 2015b) also occur in North Carolina.	A medium-sized Catocala with a pale gray forewing and black hindwings. It differs from C. miranda primarily in size (Sargent, 1976); our specimens of orba exceed 50 mm in wingspan, whereas Sargent sta...	Our records all come from rich alluvial forests. Sites along the lower Roanoke, a brownwater river with its origin in the Ridge and Valley Province of Virginia, contain some of the richest alluvial so...	Larvae are stenophagous, feeding on hawthorn. Jeff Slotten (cited in Wagner et al.,2011) states that Parsley Hawthorn (Crataegus marshallii) is used in Florida, along with possibly other lowlan...	Comes to blacklight and bait, but we have too few records to estimate how well they are attracted....	Listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program. That designation does not confer any legal protection, however, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G4 S1S3	This species is considered uncommon but apparently widespread in southeastern swamps and alluvial forests (NatureServe Explorer, 2016). However, we have very few records for this species, currently re...
Catocala herodias Herodias Underwing MONA_number: 8850.00	One of 103 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2015), 67 of which have been recorded in North Carolina	Catocala herodias is a medium-sized Underwing with a fairly smooth gray-brown ground color on the forewings, marked with streaks or broader shading of darker brown; the hindwings are crimson red with ...	Habitat is only known from the site in Stokes County, a monadnock that contains one of the few known populations of Bear Oak in the state, although the specimens were collected down slope in an area o...	Stenophagous; subspecies gerhardi is strongly associated with Bear Oak (Quercus ilicifolia) in the Northeast, but there are several sites in North Carolina where Bear Oak is not known to occur ...	Males may be highly attracted to blacklights but only a few have been found at bait (Schweitzer et al., 2011). Adults appear to rest on the ground rather than on tree trunks and have been rarely found...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G3 SH	This species is considered rare and local throughout its range and currently has only one confirmed population in North Carolina (although that record itself is now nearly 20 years old). Although the ...
Catocala louiseae Louise's Underwing MONA_number: 8848.00	One of 103 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2015), 67 of which have been recorded in North Carolina. Louisieae appears to be closely related to other species that feed primarily on heaths, including C. andromedae, gracilis, and sordida (Group XV of Barnes and MacDunnough, 1918 and Forbes, 1954).	A small Catocala, with a forewing pattern very similar to C. andromeda but with yellow-orange and black-banded hindwings rather than the all black found in andromeda (Sargent, 1976). Like andromeda, t...	The single site where this species has been recorded in North Carolina is located within a complex of Carolina Bays, with deep sands forming ridges around their margins. These sandridges are very xeri...	Stenophagous, feeding on Vaccinium, including Sparkleberry (V. arboreum), and possibly other heaths (Wagner et al., 2011)....	Our sole record comes from a blacklight trap, but we do not have any information regarding how well it comes to lights in general. Probably also comes to bait, like most other Catocalas....	Listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program. That designation, however, does not confer any legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G4 SH	Considered rare or local by Sargent (1976) but reported to be locally common in parts of Florida (Wagner et al., 2011). Despite extensive surveys conducted in North Carolina in sandridge habitats -- i...
Catocala concumbens Pink Underwing MONA_number: 8833.00	One of 103 species in this genus that occur in North America (Gall and Hawks, 2010; Kons and Borth, 2015a,b), 67 of which have been recorded in North Carolina.	The forewings are pale gray, shading to whitish along the costa (Forbes, 1954). The lines are narrow and black, similar to those of cara and amatrix. The reniform is often obscure but can be fairly la...	Our sole record comes from a high elevation site where willows may be present or possibly Bigtooth Aspen...	Larvae feed on willows and poplars (Wagner et al., 2011)....	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G5 S1	We know of only a single record for this species in North Carolina....
sciName	taxonomic_comments	id_comments	habitat	food	observation_methods	state_protection	NHP_ranks	status_comments
Catocala marmorata Marbled Underwing MONA_number: 8804.00	One of 103 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2015), 67 of which have been recorded in North Carolina. Marmorata belongs to a large group of Poplar and Willow-feeding species (Group X of Barnes and MacDunnough, 1918, and Forbes, 1954), all of which except marmorata occur north and west of North Carolina.	Our largest species of Catocala, and one of the largest moths found in the state. Easily identified by its large size and by the strong dark arc on the forewings, extending from the costa, through the...	Habitats used in the Coastal Plain include levee forests and swamps along two of the brownwater rivers that flow down from the Piedmont: the Roanoke and Cape Fear. Both Swamp Cottonwood and Eastern C...	Stenophagous, probably feeding primarily on poplars but also accepting willows in captivity. Peacock and Gall (2000) reared larvae from a from females collected in swamps containing Swamp Cottonwood (...	Catocala marmorata comes to both blacklights and bait, but these methods appear to be more successful during the fall, when marmorata is more likely to be actively mating and ovipositing (Schweitzer e...	Listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program. That designation, however, does not confer any legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G3? S3S3	Catocala marmorata has long been regarded as rare (Sargent, 1976), but Willis (1991) and Peacock and Gall (2000) found it can be fairly common, at least in restricted areas. The fact that it is not e...
Catocala consors Consort Underwing MONA_number: 8772.00	One of 103 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2015), 67 of which have been recorded in North Carolina. Consors was included by Barnes and McDunnough (1918) in their Group III (also adopted by Forbes, 1954), which also contains Catocala epione.	A large Catocala with grayish forewings and yellow to orange hindwings. The postmedian of the forewing has a single strong tooth located in cell M1; the teeth below it are much smaller (Forbes, 1954)....	The habitat is unknown at the site where this species was recorded in the western Piedmont. Schweitzer et al. (2011) report that it occurs primarily in dry, open, sandy woodlands that support populati...	Stenophagous, feeding on hickories (Carya spp.) (Forbes, 1954; Sargent, 1976; Wagner et al., 2011). Schweitzer et al. (2011) state that C. consors appears to be a specialist on small hic...	Like other Catocalas, consors probably comes somewhat to blacklights but much more strongly to bait. Tapping for adults during the day -- especially targeting small hickories -- is also likely to be ...	Listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program. That designation, however, does not confer any legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G3? S1	This species once ranged from New England to Florida, although it appears to have always been rare in the northern part of its range (Forbes, 1954; Sargent, 1976). It has now, however, apparently disa...
Hemeroplanis new species 1 nr. obliqualis MONA_number: 8477.01		...	...	Host plants are unknown....	...		GNR S1	...
Macrochilo new species nr. absorptalis MONA_number: 8357.01		...	Recorded in North Carolina only in sedgy mires in the Fall-line Sandhills; currently known from only three sites in Fort Bragg...	Probably feeds on Carex species...	...	[SR]	G3 S1	...
Idia majoralis Greater Idia MONA_number: 8324.00	One of eighteen species recorded in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010), twelve of which are found in North Carolina.	A medium-sized deltoid but the largest of the Idias. Similar in pattern to I. americalis, with a gray costal margin, costaly widened black lines, and a yellowish wash running through th...	All of our records come from moderately low mountains, including the monadnocks at Hanging Rock State Park in the Piedmont. Habitat at both Hanging Rock and the site in Cherokee County consist of dry...	Most, if not all species of Idia, are detritivores and at least some evidence suggests that I. majoralis may be associated with the detritus found in woodrat nests -- Rings et al. (1992)...	Adults come to lights and apparently at least occasionally to bait (Schweitzer et al., 2011)....	Listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program. That designation, however, does not confer any legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	GNR S1S2	This species has long been considered rare, although somewhat more common in the upper Mid-West (Forbes, 1954; Rings et al., 1992). Recent records have apparently become more scarce, particularly in a...
sciName	taxonomic_comments	id_comments	habitat	food	observation_methods	state_protection	NHP_ranks	status_comments
Apantesis doris Doris Tiger Moth MONA_number: 8198.00	The genus Apantesis is represented by 43 species in North America, including 13 species in North Carolina. Included along with A. arge in subgenus Mimarctia, characterized by their completely pale costal cells as well as other features (Schmidt, 2009).	A pale, pinkish-cream colored Tiger Moth, with the black markings on the forewings reduced to narrow streaks and wedges. Based on the differences between doris and arge described by Schmidt (2009; see...	Too few records exist from North Carolina to determine habitat associations. This also appears to be true over the entire range of this species. Schmidt (2009) states that the rarity of this species...	Members of this genus are highly polyphagous, feeding on a wide range of herbaceous plants, with dicots possibly preferred (Schmidt, 2009)....	Although this species is believed to be nocturnal, it is unclear how well it comes to light. The mouthparts are non-functional (Singer, 2000, cited in Schmidt, 2009), so it does not come to bait....	Listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program. That designation, however, does not confer any legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G4 SH	There is general agreement that this species is rare across its entire range (Schmidt, 2009), and a great deal still needs to be learned about the distribution, abundance, and habitat preferences befo...
Arctia parthenos St. Lawrence Tiger Moth MONA_number: 8162.00	One of four members of this genus that occurs in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010) and the only one in our area	A large, spectacular Tiger Moth with strongly contrasting colors and patterns on the fore- and hindwings: the forewings are brown and variably spotted with pale yellow or cream; the hindwings are usua...	All North Carolina records come from elevations above 5,000'. Most come from Spruce-fir Forests or Northern Hardwoods but there are also a few from high elevation balds....	Polyphagous, feeding on a wide range of herbaceous and woody plants (Wagner, 2005). Covell (1984) specifically lists alder (Alnus sp.), birch (Betula sp.), and willow (Salix sp.)....	Records from the GSMNP ATBI appear to come mainly from blacklight sampling, but not enough is known to be sure how well; like other Arctiini, Platarctia probably does not come at all to bait...	Listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program. That designation, however, does not confer any legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G5 S1	This is one of our rarest species, with only 17 records since 1945, all from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Along with the Spruce-fir Moss Spider and several other species associated with h...
Syssphinx bisecta Bisected Honey Locust Moth MONA_number: 7712.00	One of two species in this genus found in our area (six others occur in the western US -- Tuskes et al., 1996)	The yellow- or reddish-orange color, brown speckling, and two-toned forewings are shared with Sphingicampa bicolor and Anisota stigma and senatoria. It is usually easy to distinguish from those specie...	The naturalness of the habitats used by S. bicolor in North Carolina is uncertain, since neither of the two host plants recorded for this species is believed to be native here (Alan Weakley, pers. com...	Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) and Kentucky coffeetree (Gymnocladus dioicus) are the only recorded host plants (Ferguson, 1971; Tuskes et al., 1996; Wagner, 2005). In North Carolina, both of th...	Comes to both blacklights and business lights fairly well; Parker Backstrom has observed up to two individuals at a time on several occasions. Adults do not feed, however, so do not come to bait. Sp...	Currently not given any protection in North Carolina and has not yet been listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program	G5 S1S2	With only a single known population in North Carolina, this species appears to be one of the rarest species in the state. The naturalness of the habitats used by this species still need to be assesse...
Eubaphe meridiana Little Beggar Moth MONA_number: 7441.00	One of six species in this genus that occur in North America, two of which have been recorded in North Carolina.	A small, delicate, yellow Geometrid with dusky spots. Similar but smaller than the more common Eubaphe mendica (wingspan = 30mm). E. meridiana has smaller, more distinct spots, with the ...	All of our records come from Longleaf Pine habitats, or from sites located close to such habitats. Nearly all come from wet savannas or sandhill seeps....	Apparently not recorded. Its close relative, Eubaphe mendica, has been recorded to feed on both violets and maple (Forbes, 1948, citing McDunnough for the record on maple)....	Appears to come moderately well to blacklights....	Listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program. That designation does not confer any legal protection, however, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G4 S2	This species appears to be strongly associated with wet Longleaf Pine habitats in North Carolina, primarily savannas but also sandhill seeps. Although there is still much to be learned about its host ...
Entephria lagganata None MONA_number: 7303.00	One of 44 species in this genus that occur worldwide and one of 11 that occur in North America (Troubridge, 1997). Nearctic species in this genus are mainly found in the far north and west, with only E. separata, aurata, and lagganata recorded in the East.	The markings are a pale yellowish brown. The crosslines are very fine and the central and submarginal areas are not noticeably darker than the rest of the wing (Taylor, 1907)....	...	The hosts are apparently undocumented....	...		GNR SH	Like Entephria separata, this species appears to be an extreme Pleistocene relict, recorded at only a single high elevation site in North Carolina and, again like separata, is known from only from a s...
sciName	taxonomic_comments	id_comments	habitat	food	observation_methods	state_protection	NHP_ranks	status_comments
Eulithis propulsata Currant Eulithis MONA_number: 7199.00	One of fourteen species in this genus that occur in North America north of Mexico (Pohl et al., 2016), five of which have been recorded in North Carolina	A pale yellowish-brown, broad-winged Geometrid with somewhat falcate forewings. Similar to several other species of Eulithis in ground color and in the median area darkened on the margins but pale in ...	Our few records are from high elevation (>3,500 ft) mesic forests, including Rich Cove Forests, Northern Hardwoods, and Spruce-fir Forests, all habitats that support populations of Ribes species, whic...	Stenophagous, feeding on currants (Ribes sp.) (Wagner et al., 2002)....	Comes to blacklights but how well is unknown....	Listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program. That designation does not confer any legal protection, however, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G5 S1S2	We have very few records for this northern species in North Carolina. It appears to be a highly restricted, host plant and habitat specialist and its mesic, high elevation habitats are likely to be hi...
Nemoria tuscarora Tuscarora Emerald MONA_number: 7030.00	One of 35 species in this genus that occur in North America (Ferguson, 1985), nine of which have been recorded in North Carolina. Ferguson (1969) included tuscarora within the Extramaria Species Group (Group IV), which in North Carolina also includes elfa and outina.	A medium-sized Emerald. Both pairs of wings are bright green with white antemedian and postmedian lines. Distinctive features include a lack of a terminal line and discal dots on the wings and white s...	Records from North Carolina come from mesic, montane forests where bogs or other wetland habitats occur at least in the vicinity...	Larvae of this species have recently been observed on Hypericum densiflorum by Gruber (2016). In the mountains, this plant is usually associated with bogs and other wetlands; it also occurs in the Coa...	The most recent records were obtained using blacklight traps, but we do not have enough data to determine how well it is attracted....	Listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program. That designation, however, does not confer any legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	GU S1S2	We still have very few records for this species, although more records are being made in states to the north. It may turn out to be a specialist on mountain wetland habitats but much still needs to be...
Rupela tinctella Satin Rupela MONA_number: 5311.00	Heinrich (1937) examined the genitalia of what were thought to be two or three white species of Rupela and was surprised to find that these constituted a group of at least 18 cryptic species with very distinctive genitalia. Only two species are known from North Carolina and in most cases they require the examination of genitalia for identification.	Only two species of R. segrega are known from North Carolina. The males and females of R. segrega are identical, with both having an elongated abdomen and the head, thorax, abdomen, and ...	...	Unknown...	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	GNR S1S2	...
Synanthedon fulvipes None MONA_number: 2563.00		...	Our sole record for this species comes from the crest of a north-facing slope covered with mesic hardwoods...	Larvae have been recorded on Birch, including Paper Birch (Eichlin and Duckworth, 1988). Yellow or Sweet Birch seem the most likely at the site where this species has been found in North Carolina...	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	GNR S1	This is a species associated with Northern Hardwoods and the site where this species has been collected in North Carolina appears to be located approximately 800 miles south of the next nearest record...
Alucita adriendenisi None MONA_number: 2313.10	"The genus Alucita Linnaeus, 1758 belongs to the family Alucitidae, which includes 186 species in the world (Gielis 2003)" (cited by Landry and Landry, 2004). Landry and Landry describe three species in North America.	Many-plumed Moths are unmistakable, with their forewings consisting of a fan of separate, variegated plumes, each of which resembles a bird feather. A. adriendenisi is separated from the other ...	Our sole specimen comes from a mature, rich stand of basic-mesic hardwoods, which is consistent with the habitats used by Lonicera dioica....	Larvae have been found feeding on the flowers of Limber Honeysuckle (Lonicera dioica) (Landry & Landry, 2004). Adults have also been collected in areas with other species of Lonicera and...	This species commonly flies during the day but can also be found at lights at night. Our one specimen was collected using a 15 watt UV trap....		GNR S1	This species appears to be an extremely rare northern disjunct; the next nearest recorded populations are in West Virginia and northern New York state, both also represented by just a few specimens....
sciName	taxonomic_comments	id_comments	habitat	food	observation_methods	state_protection	NHP_ranks	status_comments
Gazoryctra sciophanes None MONA_number: 23.10	Gazoryctra sciophanes a member of the Ghost Moth, or Swift family, a primitive group of over 500 species that is found worldwide. In North America, the family is made up of at least 20 species in four genera, with the vast majority of species having northern or western affinities. Gazoryctra sciophanes is one of at least 10 species in the genus, and the only one found in North Carolina. The taxonomy of the group remains in flux.	This species has a rounded forewing with varying amounts of sooty black to dark brown coloration and diffuse gray, dark brown, or black mottling and streaking. It typically has an elongated white bar ...	All of our records come from Spruce-Fir Forests at elevations above 4,000 feet in elevation....	Because most specimens have been taken in the spruce/fir zone, it was thought that the larvae most likely feed on the roots of Fraser Fir or other conifer species, or on other plants associated with s...	Like other members of the family, this species appears to fly for just a short period right around dusk, and during a relatively short window in late June through mid-July. This species is at least so...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it in state parks and on other public lands.	GU S1S2	G. sciophanes is a southern Appalachian endemic described by Ferguson (1979) from a series collected in Jackson County. Additional series were collected by Grehan (1998) in Yancey and Mitchell ...
Agrotis buchholzi Buchholz's Dart MONA_number: 10654.00	One of 23 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010) -- 24 if Agrotis carolina is considered separate from A. buchholzi. Seven have been recorded in North Carolina.	Agrotis buchholzi is a medium sized noctuid moth; wingspans average about 1.25" (3 cm), which are smaller than in most other species of Agrotis. Most specimens of A. buchholzi are...	Completely restricted to frequently burned Longleaf Pine habitats in North Carolina. In the Outer Coastal Plain, it occurs in fairly wet to mesic savannas and flatwoods, in association with Common Pyx...	Feeds primarily or exclusively on Pyxie Moss, including both Pyxidanthera barblata and P. brevifolia. Although larvae of A. carolina have not been reared or observed in the wild, ...	Comes well to blacklights. Although we do not have any North Carolina records from other sources, Schweitzer and McCabe (2004) noted that A. buchholzi comes to bait and also commonly visits fl...	Listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program and as Federal Species of Concern by the Raleigh office of USFWS. These statuses do not confer any legal protection, however, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G2 S2S3	This species is a strong habitat specialist that depends on frequent fires to maintain populations of its host plant. It also appears to be affected by habitat fragmentation, being absent from small, ...
Lacanobia grandis Grand Arches MONA_number: 10300.00	One of five species in this genus that occur in North America north of Mexico (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010), two of which have been recorded in North Carolina	A medium-sized, red, brown, and gray Noctuid. The ground color of the forewings is reddish brown; the transverse lines, orbicular, and reniform are all grayish to whitish, with the spots somewhat dark...	According to McCabe (1980), grandis is "a species of the Transitional and Canadian Life Zones". All of our records come from sites above 4,500 ft in elevation, one from a high elevation forest and one...	Polyphagous on many families of woody plants, including alder, blueberry, cherry, dogwood, poplar, and willow (Wagner et al., 2011)....	Comes to lights...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G5 S1S2	This species is common in the North (Wagner et al., 2011), but it appears to be strongly disjunct in our area and possibly confined to high elevation summits; we have records from only two sites in th...
Lithophane abita Cypress Pinion MONA_number: 9928.10	One of 51 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2015), 25 of which have been recorded in North Carolina	A medium-sized, gray Pinion with ochre shading around the reniform spot. The ground color of the forewing is a fairly uniform pale gray, somewhat darker in some specimens. In addition to the orange-br...	Almost all of our records come from riverine cypress swamps. One record from Camden County, however, may come from a non-riverine swamp forest. None come from cypress savannas....	Associated with Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum) but larvae were not observed by Brou and Lafontaine (2009). A larva photographed by George Smiley (BugGuide, 2014), however, was found feeding ...	Comes at least to some extent to blacklights. Although all of our records come from light, this species is likely to come to bait, perhaps even more reliably, as in other members of this genus...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G4 [S3S4]	This species is a habitat specialist and currently has only a few records from North Carolina. However, it is almost certainly undersampled due to its winter flight period. More need to be learned ab...
Lithophane tepida White-eyed Pinion MONA_number: 9909.00	One of 51 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2015), 25 of which have been recorded in North Carolina	...	...	Larvae are polyphagous on a wide range of shrubs and trees. Wagner et al. (2011) specifically list birch (Betula), Sweet-fern (Comptonia peregrina), spruce (Picea), oak (Quercu...	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G5 SU	...
sciName	taxonomic_comments	id_comments	habitat	food	observation_methods	state_protection	NHP_ranks	status_comments
Lithophane scottae Connecticut Pinion MONA_number: 9904.10	One of 51 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2015), 25 of which have been recorded in North Carolina	...	...	The hosts are apparently undocumented....	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G2G4 SU	...
Ipimorpha pleonectusa Even-lined Sallow MONA_number: 9555.00	One of three species in this genus that occur in North America north of Mexico (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010) and the only one that has been recorded in North Carolina	A medium-sized pale grayish to brownish Noctuid with contrasting pale lines. The ground color is even across the wing and varies from pale gray to yellowish-brown to reddish-brown. The basal, antemedi...	The one North Carolina record for this species comes from a site that contains an extensive floodplain. However, the presence of Populus within this area is unclear....	Larvae are stenophagous, feeding on aspen and other poplars (Populus spp.) (Forbes, 1954; Wagner et al., 2011)....	Comes to light to some extent. Wagner et al. (2011) also state that it comes to sugar baits. ...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G5 [S2S3]	The population of this species in North Carolina -- if it is, in fact, resident where discovered -- is highly disjunct -- this species is primarily northern in its distribution, with the nearest recor...
Papaipema necopina Sunflower Borer Moth MONA_number: 9497.00	One of 44 species in this genus that occur in North America north of Mexico (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2015), 30 of which have been recorded in North Carolina	...	Our few records come from a mixture of mesic hardwoods and montane pastures....	Larvae feed mainly on Sunflowers, with the following North Carolina species specifically listed: Helianthus divaricatus, H. giganteus, H. grosseserratus, H. tuberosus (Robinson et al., 2010). A few ot...	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G4 SU	...
Papaipema furcata Ash Tip Borer Moth MONA_number: 9495.00	One of 44 species in this genus that occur in North America north of Mexico (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2015), 30 of which have been recorded in North Carolina	...	...	...	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G4 [S1S2]	...
Papaipema eryngii Rattlesnake-master Borer Moth MONA_number: 9494.00	One of 44 species in this genus that occur in North America north of Mexico (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2015), 30 of which have been recorded in North Carolina	A medium-large Papaipema, with a dark reddish brown to chocolate ground color and prominent white basal, orbicular, claviform, and reniform spots. A pale yellow apical spot is also present and the hin...	Our sole record comes from a Longleaf Pine Savanna possessing a substantial population of Eryngium yuccifolium var. synchaetum. In the Outer Coastal Plain, populations of that plant -- as well as Eryn...	Stenophagous, feeding on Eryngium yuccifolium and E. aquaticum (Bird, 1917; Hessel, 1954). In North Carolina, a larva was found in the rhizome of an Eryngium yuccifolium var. synchaetum, in the same p...	Adults come to blacklights to some extent, but probably not to bait or flowers. The most efficient way to document the presence of a colony, however, is through searching for larvae by way of the fras...	A Candidate for federal listing and listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program. Neither of those designations, however, confers any legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G2 SH	Papaipema eryngii appears to be our rarest moth and of highest conservation concern; it may, in fact, already have been extirpated shortly after it was first discovered in the state. The species as a ...