| 50 most recent updates | ||||||||||||
| sciName | taxonomic_comments | id_comments | habitat | food | observation_methods | state_protection | NHP_ranks | status_comments | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Epinotia medioviridana Raspberry Leaf-roller Moth MONA_number: 3286.00 | This is a distinctive species with a forewing that has a relatively dark basal patch and a broad greenish median band that fades into greenish-gray mottling on the apical third. The following detailed... | ... | Larvae are reported to feed on Rubus species and Purple-flowering Raspberry (Rubus odoratus) (MacKay, 1959). Wild Clematis - Clematis virginiana (BugGuide). ... | ... | Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands. | ... | ||||||
| Sonia paraplesiana Hebrew Sonia Moth MONA_number: 3218.10 | Sonia is a taxonomically challenging genus because many of the traditionally recognized species are difficult to distinguish based on either external patterning, genitalia, or DNA barcoding. Sonia constrictana and S. paraplesiana are two morphologically similar forms that were previously considered to occur sympatrically throughout the eastern U.S. In the latest revision of the genus, Wright and Gilligan (2023) recognized these two species based on subtle differences in external morphology and genitalia, but restricted | This forewing of this species is dark reddish-brown to blackish brown with a wide, light interfascial bar that extends more-or-less perpendicular from near the middle of the inner margin before termin... | ... | Larvae reportedly feed on Baccharis halimifolia (Robinson et al., 2010); however, we are unaware of any published literature that documents this and it needs additional verification. ... | The adults are attracted to lights. ... | Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands. | GNR[S3S4] | ... | ||||
| Sonia canadana Canadian Sonia MONA_number: 3219.00 | Sonia that occur in the southeastern US are a taxonomically difficult group that likely reflect several lineages that are in various stages of evolutionary divergence and that do not differ markedly in genitalia. Populations in coastal areas of North Carolina have proven to be challenging and likely contain at least two of these ill-defined lineages, including one that resembles S. canadana from the Blue Ridge. | The forewing of this species is dark reddish-brown to blackish brown with a wide interfascial spot or bar that extends obliquely from near the middle of the inner margin before terminating near the mi... | This species is generally associated with old-fields, prairies, glades and other open areas that support members of the Asteraceae such as goldenrods and asters, which are thought to be the hosts. ... | The hosts are poorly documented. Wright and Gilligan (2023) report one record of a reared specimen that used New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae), and another from a Solidago... | The adults are attracted to lights. ... | ... | ||||||
| Epinotia vertumnana MONA_number: 3292.00 | ... | ... | Reported hosts include hackberry (Celtis) and hawthorn (Crataegus) (Heinrich, 1923; Brown, 1986).... | ... | ... | |||||||
| Aethes angulatana Angular Aethes MONA_number: 3807.00 | ... | ... | Larval host plants appear to be unknown.... | ... | Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands. | ... | ||||||
| sciName | taxonomic_comments | id_comments | habitat | food | observation_methods | state_protection | NHP_ranks | status_comments | ||||
| Acronicta modica Hesitant Dagger MONA_number: 9244.00 | One of 74 species in this genus found in North America north of Mexico (Schmidt and Anweiler, 2020), 42 of which have been recorded in North Carolina. This species is placed in subgenus Lepitoreuma by Schmidt and Anweiler, and in the Increta Species Group. Other members of this group in North Carolina include Acronicta albarufa, A. ovata, A. exilis, A. immodica (=modica), A. increta, and A. tristis. | A medium-sized, nearly uniform gray Dagger. The ground color of the forewings is bluish gray, but with small patches of yellowish- or greenish-brown sometimes present, especially in the area between t... | Most of our records come from mesic hardwood forests... | Larvae feed mainly on White Oak and other oak species; also reported (but needing confirmation) on beech and chestnut (Wagner et al., 2011). We do not have any feeding records in North Carolina.... | ... | Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands. | G5 S5 | ... | ||||
| Aethes interruptofasciata MONA_number: 3757.00 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ||||||||
MONA_number: 3754.00 | ... | ... | Larval host plants appear to be unknown.... | ... | Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands. | ... | ||||||
| Phalonidia lepidana MONA_number: 3836.00 | ... | ... | ... | ... | Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands. | ... | ||||||
| Acronicta immodica Medium Oak Dagger MONA_number: 9242.10 | One of 74 species in this genus found in North America north of Mexico (Schmidt and Anweiler, 2020), 42 of which have been recorded in North Carolina. This species is placed in subgenus Lepitoreuma by Schmidt and Anweiler, and in the Increta Species Group. Other members of this group in North Carolina include A. albarufa, A. ovata, A. exilis, A. modica (=haesitata), A. increta, and A. tristis. | A medium-sized, fairly uniform gray dagger. The ground color of the forewings is pale gray but more-or-less tinged with yellow; the occipital area of the head and tegulae may also be marked with yello... | Our records come mainly from mesic to dry sites but not xeric sites.... | Larvae have been recorded on White Oak; possibly feeds on other oaks (Wagner et al., 2011). We do not have any feeding records in North Carolina.... | ... | Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands. | G5 S5 | ... | ||||
| sciName | taxonomic_comments | id_comments | habitat | food | observation_methods | state_protection | NHP_ranks | status_comments | ||||
| Gretchena nymphana MONA_number: 3266.10 | Gretchena is a New World genus with 12 recognized species. Eleven species occur in North America, and eight of these are endemic to eastern North America. | This is our most distinctive and easily recognized Gretchena that can be distinguished by its relatively large size, pale buff ground color with light brown irrorations, and a prominent, black,... | Local populations are generally associated with hardwood forests, mixed conifer-hardwood forests, semi-wooded residential neighborhoods and forest edge habitats. ... | The host plants are undocumented. ... | The adults are attracted to lights, but perhaps only weakly so. ... | GNR[S2S3] | This species appears to be uncommon in North Carolina and elsewhere throughout the eastern US. More information is needed on its distribution, abundance and habitat requirements before we can accurat... | |||||
| Gretchena concitatricana MONA_number: 3268.00 | Gretchena is a New World genus with 12 recognized species. Eleven species occur in North America, and eight of these are endemic to eastern North America. | The following description is based in part on that of Heinrich (1923) who examined specimens from Texas, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. The antenna is fuscous brown. The labial palps, upper face, hea... | Local populations are generally associated with forested habitats, as well as forest edges and semi-wooded residential neighborhoods. ... | Naughton (1970) reported that the larvae feed on walnuts (Juglans).... | The adults are attracted to lights. ... | Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands. | GNR[S2S3] | This species appears to be uncommon in North Carolina, but more information is needed on its distribution, abundance and life history before we can accurately assess its conservation status. ... | ||||
| Gretchena unidentified species MONA_number: 3268.01 | Gretchena is a New World genus with 12 recognized species. Eleven species occur in North America, and eight of these are endemic to eastern North America. Many of our species require genitalia for positive identification and can only be identified to genus from images. | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ||||||
| Gretchena delicatana MONA_number: 3265.00 | Gretchena is a New World genus with 12 recognized species. Eleven species occur in North America, and eight of these are endemic to eastern North America. | This is one of several species of Gretchena that is best identified using genitalia. Heinrich (1923) noted that this species is perhaps most similar in terms of external morphology to G. ama... | local populations are generally associated with hardwood or mixed hardwood-conifer forests. ... | As of 2024, the host plants are undocumented.... | The adults are attracted to lights. ... | Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands. | GNR[S2S] | This species appears to be uncommon in North Carolina and restricted to the Blue Ridge where it appears to reach its southern range limit. ... | ||||
| Gretchena amatana MONA_number: 3264.00 | Gretchena is a New World genus with 12 recognized species. Eleven species occur in North America, and eight of these are endemic to eastern North America. | This is one of several species of Gretchena that is best identified using genitalia. The following description is based in part on that of Heinrich (1923), but likely does not capture the full ... | Local populations are generally associated with hardwood or mixed conifer-hardwood forests.... | As of 2024, the host plants appear to be unknown.... | The adults are attracted to lights. ... | Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands. | GNR[S2S4] | This species appears to be somewhat uncommon in the state, but additional information is needed on its distribution, abundance and habitat requirements before its conservation status can be accurately... | ||||
| sciName | taxonomic_comments | id_comments | habitat | food | observation_methods | state_protection | NHP_ranks | status_comments | ||||
| Gretchena bolliana Pecan Bud Moth MONA_number: 3263.00 | Gretchena is a New World genus with 12 recognized species. Eleven species occur in North America, and eight of these are endemic to eastern North America. | This species most commonly has an overall grayish color with varying amounts of light brownish dusting and fine blackish speckling, but some individuals may have a more brownish caste. The inner margi... | Most of our records come from semi-wooded residential neighborhoods where the larvae are likely using hickories and walnuts. Records from natural areas include mesic slopes and bottomland hardwoods. ... | The larvae feed on walnuts and hickories (Kearfott, 1908; Forbes, 1923; Moznette et al., 1931; MacKay, 1959; Kimball, 1965; Prentice, 1966; Mizell and Schiffhauer, 1986; Godfrey et al., 1987; Robinson... | The adults are attracted to lights. ... | Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands. | GNR S3S4 | ... | ||||
| Gretchena watchungana MONA_number: 3261.00 | Gretchena is a New World genus with 12 recognized species. Eleven species occur in North America, and eight of these are endemic to eastern North America. | This species resembles several other Gretchena that occur in North Carolina in having dark dusting that is concentrated around two lighter inward bulges along the inner margin at around one-fou... | Local populations are generally found in or near wetlands or moist ground that support alders. ... | The larva are thought to specialize on alders (Alnus spp.) (Krauth et al., 1977; Miller, 1987a). Reports of this species feeding on oaks (Robinson et al., 2010) needs additional verification s... | The adults are attracted to lights. ... | GNR[S1S3] | This species appears to be rare in North Carolina, with only a single site record as of 2024. Additional information on its distribution, abundance and ecological requirements are needed before we can... | |||||
| Gretchena concubitana MONA_number: 3260.00 | Gretchena is a New World genus with 12 recognized species. Eleven species occur in North America, and eight of these are endemic to eastern North America. | This is one of several species of Gretchena that is best identified using genitalia. The following description is based in part on that of Heinrich (1923), but likely does not capture the full ... | Local populations are associated with hardwood forests. ... | The holotype was reared from a hickory (Carya sp.; Heinrich, 1923), which is the only reported host that we are aware of as of 2024.... | The adults are attracted to lights. Much more information is needed on the host plants and larval life history. We recommend looking for leaf shelters on the undersides of hickory leaflets and rearing... | Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands. | GNR[S1S3] | This appears to be a relatively rare species in North Carolina, but more information is needed on its distribution, abundance and habitat preferences before we can accurately assess its conservation s... | ||||
| Gretchena deludana Arrowhead Moth MONA_number: 3259.00 | Gretchena is a New World genus with 12 recognized species. Eleven species occur in North America, and eight of these are endemic to eastern North America. | In this species, the ground color of the head, thorax and forewing is pale gray and is overlain with varying amount of dark brown dusting and fine mottling. The most prominent marks are thin black str... | Local populations are typically found in deciduous hardwood forests, mixed pine-hardwood forests and residential neighborhoods where hickories are present. ... | Blair (2023) found larvae on Pignut Hickory (Carya glabra) in Virginia, which is currently the only known host as of 2024.... | The adults are attracted to lights. More information is needed on the host plants and larval life history.... | Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands. | GNR[SU] | This species appears to be uncommon in North Carolina, but more information is needed on its distribution and abundance before we can assess its conservation status within the state. ... | ||||
| Catastega aceriella Maple Trumpet Skeletonizer Moth MONA_number: 3334.00 | The genus Catastega was originally established based solely on the larval habit of forming funnel-like feeding shelters. The genus was later treated as a synonym of Epinotia before being resurrected by Brown (1986) based on genitalic differences. | The forewing has a whitish-gray ground color with darker grayish-brown to brownish-black markings. The most prominent mark is a sub-basal transverse band that extends from the middle of the wing to th... | In North Carolina, this species is strongly associated with rich montane forests that support Sugar Maple and Red Maple. Most of our records are from mid- to higher elevational sites. ... | Larvae appear to feed primarily on (Acer saccharum) in many areas of the range (Grehan et al., 1995), but also use Red Maple (A. rubrum) and Mountain Maple (A. spicatum). As of 20... | Local populations can be easily documented by searching for the distinctive tentiform shelters with funnelform feeding structures. The two Catastega species in the eastern US both produce these... | Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands. | GNR [S4] | This species can be regularly encountered at mid- to higher elevational forests with Sugar Maple and Red Maple and appears to be secure within the state. ... | ||||
| sciName | taxonomic_comments | id_comments | habitat | food | observation_methods | state_protection | NHP_ranks | status_comments | ||||
| Catastega timidella Oak Trumpet Skeletonizer Moth MONA_number: 3333.00 | This species was originally described based on the larvae and larval cases, and a detailed description of the adults is lacking other than that of Forbes (1923). The adult are similar in overall size ... | Local populations are strongly dependent on oaks as hosts and are associated with hardwood or mixed hardwood-pine forests. They can also be found in residential areas where oaks are present. ... | Catastega timidella uses oaks as hosts (Eiseman, 2019), including White Oak (Quercus alba), Burr Oak (Q. macrocarpa), and Northern Red Oak (Q. rubra). This species was foun... | The adults occasionally visit lights and the fecal tubes can be found beneath silk sheets on the undersides of leaves. Acrobasis minimella is another oak feeder that produces fecal tubes, but t... | Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands. | GNR [S3S4] | This species is far less frequently encountered in the state than is C. aceriella, but appears to be relatively secure due to its statewide distribution and use of oaks as hosts. ... | |||||
| Machimia tentoriferella Gold-striped Leaftier Moth MONA_number: 951.00 | The following description is primarily based on that of Clarke (1941). The labial palp is pale yellowish white, and the second segment is strongly suffused with blackish fuscous exteriorly on the basa... | Populations are dependent on hardwoods as a food source. They occur in a variety of habitats ranging from wooded residential neigborhoods to hardwood and mixed pine-hardwood forests. ... | The larvae are highly polyphagous and feed on numerous hardwoods (Prentice, 1966; Chapman and Lienk, 1971; Baker, 1972; Clarke, 1941; Robinson et al., 2010; Marquis et al., 2019; Blair, 2023). The kno... | The adults are attracted to lights. ... | Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands. | GNR S4S5 | This is a common and widespread species that is apparently secure in the state. ... | |||||
| Proteoteras obnigrana MONA_number: 3237.00 | This species is somewhat distinctive in that the head, thorax, palps and ground color of the forewing tend to be dull white or sordid white with various degrees of blackish to dark-gray dusting or fin... | ... | ... | ... | ... | |||||||
| Proteoteras moffatiana Maple Bud Borer Moth MONA_number: 3235.00 | The fresh adults of this species are distinctive in having a lichen-green ground that is overlain with additional patterning. The following description is based in part by that of Fernald (1905) and... | Local populations are associated with hardwood or mixed pine-hardwood forests where maples are present. ... | The larvae feed on maples (Prentice, 1965; Miller, 1987; Godfrey et al., 1987; Heppner, 2007; Lam et al., 2011), including Red Maple (Acer rubrum), Silver Maple (A. saccharinum) and Suga... | The adults appear to occasionally visit lights. More information is need on host use in North Carolina. ... | Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands. | GNR S3S4 | We currently do not have sufficient information on the distribution and abundance of this species within the state to accurately assess its conservation status. ... | |||||
| Proteoteras naracana MONA_number: 3234.00 | The following description is based in part on that of Kearfott (1907). The dorsum of the head is brown and the face whitish. The palp is white, but shaded with brown to black on the outside and upper ... | The habitat requirementsand hosts of this species are poorly documented, but it is generally associated with hardwood or mixed hardwood-pine forests. ... | Larvae have been reported to feed on maples (Acer sp.; Brown et al., 2008), but specific host use is largely unreported.... | The adults occasionally visit lights.... | Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands. | GNR S3S4 | As of 2022 we have fewer than 10 site records for the state, although this species can be locally abundant. We currently do not have sufficient information on host specificity, habitat use, and abunda... | |||||
| sciName | taxonomic_comments | id_comments | habitat | food | observation_methods | state_protection | NHP_ranks | status_comments | ||||
| Proteoteras crescentana Northern Boxelder Twig Borer Moth MONA_number: 3233.00 | The head, thorax, palps and ground color of the forewing vary from greenish gray to light or medium brown and are often dusted with black. The most conspicuous mark is a contrasting black band that ru... | ... | Box-elder (Acer negundo) is the primary host (Forbes, 1923; Heinrich, 1923; Prentice, 1966; Wong et al., 1983; Miller, 1987; Lam et al., 2011; Beadle and Leckie, 2012), Other maples are suspect... | The adults are attracted to lights and the spindle-shaped stem-swellings can be found on Box-elder. ... | GNR [S2S4] | This species appears to be uncommon in North Carolina, but we currently do not have sufficient information to confidently assess its conservation status. ... | ||||||
| Proteoteras willingana Eastern Boxelder Twig Borer Moth MONA_number: 3232.00 | This is a rather non-descript species of Proteoteras. The head, thorax, palps, antenna and ground color of the forewing are more or less concolorous and vary from very light tan or pale brownis... | This species is strongly dependent on Box-elder (Acer negundo) as a host and local populations are typically found in bottomland forests, streamside habitats, and in mesic hardwoods, particular... | The larvae appear to be monophagous on Box-elder (Forbes, 1923; Heinrich, 1923; Peterson, 1958; Wong et al., 1983; Miller, 1987; Godfrey et al., 1987;Brown et al., 2008; Lam et al., 2011). There is o... | ... | GNR S2S4 | ... | ||||||
| Proteoteras aesculana Maple Twig Borer Moth MONA_number: 3230.00 | In this species the head, thorax, palps and ground color of the forewing tend to be dull olive green with various shades of gray and yellowish-brown. Small blackish markings and dusting usually overla... | Proteoteras aesculana is strongly associated with deciduous or mixed-deciduous forests, as well as urban areas where maples are planted as ornamentals. ... | The larvae feed on both maples and buckeyes, although maples are the primary hosts (Riley, 1881; Forbes, 1923; Heinrich, 1923; Craighead et al., 1950; Powell, 1962b; Prentice, 1966; Wong et al., 1983;... | The adults are attracted to lights and the larvae can be found in wilted shoots of maples and possibly buckeyes following the spring leaf-out. ... | Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands. | GNR S4S5 | This species is relatively common in North Carolina and shows no evidence of marked declines in populations. ... | |||||
| Marmara new species 29 - on Vaccinium MONA_number: 718.31 | The genus Marmara contains 19 described species from North America and numerous undescribed species. Most species are monophagous, and the mines have been found on over 80 North American plant genera that belong to 40 families (Eiseman et al., 2017). Given the small number of described species relative to the large number of hosts, there appear to be dozens of undescribed species in the US. Many of the species are difficult to rear and are only known from leaf or stem mines. North Carolina appears to have numerous undescribed species based on host preferences and mine characteristics, and Tracy Feldman has spearheaded efforts to document these within the state. We have included Marmara that we believe are probably undescribed species (ca. 30) and have listed these by their host plants. We encourage individuals to submit any leaf or stem mines that they find based on the plant hosts in order to better document the distribution and relative abundance of these forms in North Carolina. | This apparently undescribed species is a stem miner on blueberries (Vaccinium spp.).... | ... | The larvae feed on blueberries (Vaccinium spp.), including one record for Northern Highbush Blueberry (V. corymbosum) in Connecticut and an unidentified species in North Carolina.... | We recommend searching for the bark mines on the younger stems of blueberries. The adults should be reared, photographed and collected whenever possible.... | GNR[SU] | ... | |||||
| Marmara new species 26 - on Rosa MONA_number: 718.27 | The genus Marmara contains 19 described species from North America and numerous undescribed species. Most species are monophagous, and the mines have been found on over 80 North American plant genera that belong to 40 families (Eiseman et al., 2017). Given the small number of described species relative to the large number of hosts, there appear to be dozens of undescribed species in the US. Many of the species are difficult to rear and are only known from leaf or stem mines. North Carolina appears to have numerous undescribed species based on host preferences and mine characteristics, and Tracy Feldman has spearheaded efforts to document these within the state. We have included Marmara that we believe are probably undescribed species (ca. 30) and have listed these by their host plants. We encourage individuals to submit any leaf or stem mines that they find based on the plant hosts in order to better document the distribution and relative abundance of these forms in North Carolina. | This appears to be an undescribed species that mines the stems of roses. ... | ... | Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora) is the preferred host in North Carolina, but native roses were presumably used before Multiflora Rose was introduced to eastern North America in the mid-1860's... | New locality records are best obtained by searching the stems of roses. The adults should be reared, photographed and collected whenever possible.... | GNR[SU] | ... | |||||
| sciName | taxonomic_comments | id_comments | habitat | food | observation_methods | state_protection | NHP_ranks | status_comments | ||||
| Marmara new species 25 - on Quercus margaretiae and virginiana MONA_number: 718.26 | The genus Marmara contains 19 described species from North America and numerous undescribed species. Most species are monophagous, and the mines have been found on over 80 North American plant genera that belong to 40 families (Eiseman et al., 2017). Given the small number of described species relative to the large number of hosts, there appear to be dozens of undescribed species in the US. Many of the species are difficult to rear and are only known from leaf or stem mines. North Carolina appears to have numerous undescribed species based on host preferences and mine characteristics, and Tracy Feldman has spearheaded efforts to document these within the state. We have included Marmara that we believe are probably undescribed species (ca. 30) and have listed these by their host plants. We encourage individuals to submit any leaf or stem mines that they find based on the plant hosts in order to better document the distribution and relative abundance of these forms in North Carolina. | This appears to be an undescribed species that feeds on at least two oak species. ... | This species is generally associated with sandy, dry habitats where Sand Post Oak and Live Oak are present. ... | The known hosts include Sand Post Oak (Quercus margaretiae [= Q. margarettae] and Live Oak (Q. virginiana). ... | New records are best obtained by searching for the stem mines on the host species. The adults should be reared, photographed and collected whenever possible.... | GNR[SU] | ... | |||||
| Marmara new species 24 - on Quercus alba MONA_number: 718.25 | The genus Marmara contains 19 described species from North America and numerous undescribed species. Most species are monophagous, and the mines have been found on over 80 North American plant genera that belong to 40 families (Eiseman et al., 2017). Given the small number of described species relative to the large number of hosts, there appear to be dozens of undescribed species in the US. Many of the species are difficult to rear and are only known from leaf or stem mines. North Carolina appears to have numerous undescribed species based on host preferences and mine characteristics, and Tracy Feldman has spearheaded efforts to document these within the state. We have included Marmara that we believe are probably undescribed species (ca. 30) and have listed these by their host plants. We encourage individuals to submit any leaf or stem mines that they find based on the plant hosts in order to better document the distribution and relative abundance of these forms in North Carolina. | This apparently undescribed species is a stem miner of White Oak. ... | This species uses White Oak as a host, which is found in a variety of mesic to drier forest communities statewide. ... | White Oak (Quercus alba) is the only documented host as of 2024. ... | We recommend searching for the mines on young White Oak stems. The adults should be reared, photographed and collected whenever possible.... | GNR[SU] | ... | |||||
| Marmara new species 23 - on Passiflora MONA_number: 718.24 | The genus Marmara contains 19 described species from North America and numerous undescribed species. Most species are monophagous, and the mines have been found on over 80 North American plant genera that belong to 40 families (Eiseman et al., 2017). Given the small number of described species relative to the large number of hosts, there appear to be dozens of undescribed species in the US. Many of the species are difficult to rear and are only known from leaf or stem mines. North Carolina appears to have numerous undescribed species based on host preferences and mine characteristics, and Tracy Feldman has spearheaded efforts to document these within the state. We have included Marmara that we believe are probably undescribed species (ca. 30) and have listed these by their host plants. We encourage individuals to submit any leaf or stem mines that they find based on the plant hosts in order to better document the distribution and relative abundance of these forms in North Carolina. | This apparently undescribed species specializes on passionflower leaves. At least one adult has been reared (see above), but has yet to be described in detail. ... | ... | The only known host as of 2024 is Yellow Passionflower (Passiflora lutea). ... | We recommend searching for occupied mines on passionflowers during the spring and summer months. The adults should be reared, photographed and collected whenever possible.... | GNR[SU] | ... | |||||
| Marmara new species 22 - on Oxydendrum stem MONA_number: 718.23 | The genus Marmara contains 19 described species from North America and numerous undescribed species. Most species are monophagous, and the mines have been found on over 80 North American plant genera that belong to 40 families (Eiseman et al., 2017). Given the small number of described species relative to the large number of hosts, there appear to be dozens of undescribed species in the US. Many of the species are difficult to rear and are only known from leaf or stem mines. North Carolina appears to have numerous undescribed species based on host preferences and mine characteristics, and Tracy Feldman has spearheaded efforts to document these within the state. We have included Marmara that we believe are probably undescribed species (ca. 30) and have listed these by their host plants. We encourage individuals to submit any leaf or stem mines that they find based on the plant hosts in order to better document the distribution and relative abundance of these forms in North Carolina. | This is an apparently undescribed species that mines the stems of Sourwood. As of 2024, we are unaware of any adults being reared or described. ... | This species is generally found in mesic to drier hardwood or mixed pine-hardwood forests where Sourwood is present.... | Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum) is the only known host.... | We recommend searching young stems during the spring and summer months for occupied mines.The adults should be reared, photographed and collected whenever possible.... | GNR[SU] | ... | |||||
| Marmara new species 21 - on Oxydendrum leaf MONA_number: 718.22 | The genus Marmara contains 19 described species from North America and numerous undescribed species. Most species are monophagous, and the mines have been found on over 80 North American plant genera that belong to 40 families (Eiseman et al., 2017). Given the small number of described species relative to the large number of hosts, there appear to be dozens of undescribed species in the US. Many of the species are difficult to rear and are only known from leaf or stem mines. North Carolina appears to have numerous undescribed species based on host preferences and mine characteristics, and Tracy Feldman has spearheaded efforts to document these within the state. We have included Marmara that we believe are probably undescribed species (ca. 30) and have listed these by their host plants. We encourage individuals to submit any leaf or stem mines that they find based on the plant hosts in order to better document the distribution and relative abundance of these forms in North Carolina. | This species mines the leaves of Sourwood. The adults have been successfully reared, but have yet to be described. ... | This species is generally found in mesic to drier hardwood or mixed pine-hardwood forests where Sourwood is present. ... | Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum) is the only known host.... | We recommend searching Sourwood leaves for occupied mines during the spring and summer months. The adults should be reared, photographed and collected whenever possible.... | GNR[SU] | ... | |||||
| sciName | taxonomic_comments | id_comments | habitat | food | observation_methods | state_protection | NHP_ranks | status_comments | ||||
| Marmara new species 20 - on Nyssa MONA_number: 718.21 | The genus Marmara contains 19 described species from North America and numerous undescribed species. Most species are monophagous, and the mines have been found on over 80 North American plant genera that belong to 40 families (Eiseman et al., 2017). Given the small number of described species relative to the large number of hosts, there appear to be dozens of undescribed species in the US. Many of the species are difficult to rear and are only known from leaf or stem mines. North Carolina appears to have numerous undescribed species based on host preferences and mine characteristics, and Tracy Feldman has spearheaded efforts to document these within the state. We have included Marmara that we believe are probably undescribed species (ca. 30) and have listed these by their host plants. We encourage individuals to submit any leaf or stem mines that they find based on the plant hosts in order to better document the distribution and relative abundance of these forms in North Carolina. | This appears to be an undescribed species that mines the stems of Nyssa species, particularly Black Gum. As of 2024, we are unaware of any reports of the adults being reared. ... | ... | As of 2024, Black Gum (Nyssa sylvatica) is the only reported host. It seems likely that Swamp Tupelo (N. biflora) would also serve as a host, but this has not been documented as of 2024.... | We recommend searching for the stem mines on the younger branches of Black Gum. The adults should be reared, photographed and collected whenever possible.... | GNR[SU] | ... | |||||
| Marmara new species 19 - on Morella MONA_number: 718.20 | The genus Marmara contains 19 described species from North America and numerous undescribed species. Most species are monophagous, and the mines have been found on over 80 North American plant genera that belong to 40 families (Eiseman et al., 2017). Given the small number of described species relative to the large number of hosts, there appear to be dozens of undescribed species in the US. Many of the species are difficult to rear and are only known from leaf or stem mines. North Carolina appears to have numerous undescribed species based on host preferences and mine characteristics, and Tracy Feldman has spearheaded efforts to document these within the state. We have included Marmara that we believe are probably undescribed species (ca. 30) and have listed these by their host plants. We encourage individuals to submit any leaf or stem mines that they find based on the plant hosts in order to better document the distribution and relative abundance of these forms in North Carolina. | This appears to be an undescribed species that is a stem miner on Morella cerifera. ... | The larvae feed on Common Waxmyrtle which is found in coastal areas inward to the eastern Piedmont. ... | The only known host as of 2024 is Common Waxmyrtle (Morella cerifera), but it is possible that other Morella species are also used in North Carolina. ... | We recommend searching for stem mines on the younger stems and branches of Waxmyrtle. The adults should be reared, photographed and collected whenever possible.... | GNR[SU] | ... | |||||
| Marmara new species 18 - on Liquidambar MONA_number: 718.19 | The genus Marmara contains 19 described species from North America and numerous undescribed species. Most species are monophagous, and the mines have been found on over 80 North American plant genera that belong to 40 families (Eiseman et al., 2017). Given the small number of described species relative to the large number of hosts, there appear to be dozens of undescribed species in the US. Many of the species are difficult to rear and are only known from leaf or stem mines. North Carolina appears to have numerous undescribed species based on host preferences and mine characteristics, and Tracy Feldman has spearheaded efforts to document these within the state. We have included Marmara that we believe are probably undescribed species (ca. 30) and have listed these by their host plants. We encourage individuals to submit any leaf or stem mines that they find based on the plant hosts in order to better document the distribution and relative abundance of these forms in North Carolina. | This appears to be an undescribed species that mines the stems of Sweetgum. ... | Local populations are affiliated with stands of Sweetgum. This species is common in bottomlands, but also occupies a variety of mesic to somewhat dry habitats where they frequently become established ... | The only known host is Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua). ... | We recommend searching for stem mines on Sweetgum during late-winter and early spring and rearing the adults. The adults should be reared, photographed and collected whenever possible.... | GNR[SU] | ... | |||||
| Marmara new species 17 - on Iva spp. MONA_number: 718.18 | The genus Marmara contains 19 described species from North America and numerous undescribed species. Most species are monophagous, and the mines have been found on over 80 North American plant genera that belong to 40 families (Eiseman et al., 2017). Given the small number of described species relative to the large number of hosts, there appear to be dozens of undescribed species in the US. Many of the species are difficult to rear and are only known from leaf or stem mines. North Carolina appears to have numerous undescribed species based on host preferences and mine characteristics, and Tracy Feldman has spearheaded efforts to document these within the state. We have included Marmara that we believe are probably undescribed species (ca. 30) and have listed these by their host plants. We encourage individuals to submit any leaf or stem mines that they find based on the plant hosts in order to better document the distribution and relative abundance of these forms in North Carolina. | This appears to be an undescribed species that mines the leaves and stems of at least two species of Iva. ... | Local populations are generally associated with either coastal dunes or marshes, depending on the host species. ... | The known host as of 2024 include Bigleaf Marsh-elder (Iva frutescens) and Dune Marsh-elder (I. imbricata).... | We recommend searching the leaves of marsh-elders during the summer months for mines. The adults should be reared, photographed and collected whenever possible.... | GNR[SU] | ... | |||||
| Marmara new species 16 - on Impatiens MONA_number: 718.17 | The genus Marmara contains 19 described species from North America and numerous undescribed species. Most species are monophagous, and the mines have been found on over 80 North American plant genera that belong to 40 families (Eiseman et al., 2017). Given the small number of described species relative to the large number of hosts, there appear to be dozens of undescribed species in the US. Many of the species are difficult to rear and are only known from leaf or stem mines. North Carolina appears to have numerous undescribed species based on host preferences and mine characteristics, and Tracy Feldman has spearheaded efforts to document these within the state. We have included Marmara that we believe are probably undescribed species (ca. 30) and have listed these by their host plants. We encourage individuals to submit any leaf or stem mines that they find based on the plant hosts in order to better document the distribution and relative abundance of these forms in North Carolina. | This appears to be an undescribed species that feeds on jewelweeds. The adults have not been reared. ... | Populations are found where Impatiens are established, typically along wetland margins or other moist to wet habitats.... | As of 2024, the known hosts are Spotted Jewelweed (Impatiens capensis) and Pale Jewelweed (I. pallida; Eiseman, 2022). ... | We recommend searching the stems of mature jewelweeds for mines during the summer months. The adults should be reared, photographed and collected whenever possible.... | GNR[SU] | ... | |||||
| sciName | taxonomic_comments | id_comments | habitat | food | observation_methods | state_protection | NHP_ranks | status_comments | ||||
| Marmara new species 15 - on Ilex spp. MONA_number: 718.16 | The genus Marmara contains 19 described species from North America and numerous undescribed species. Most species are monophagous, and the mines have been found on over 80 North American plant genera that belong to 40 families (Eiseman et al., 2017). Given the small number of described species relative to the large number of hosts, there appear to be dozens of undescribed species in the US. Many of the species are difficult to rear and are only known from leaf or stem mines. North Carolina appears to have numerous undescribed species based on host preferences and mine characteristics, and Tracy Feldman has spearheaded efforts to document these within the state. We have included Marmara that we believe are probably undescribed species (ca. 30) and have listed these by their host plants. We encourage individuals to submit any leaf or stem mines that they find based on the plant hosts in order to better document the distribution and relative abundance of these forms in North Carolina. | This apparently undescribed species mines the stems of our native hollies. The adults have not been reared as of 2024.... | ... | As of 2024 the known hosts include our native Possumhaw Holly (Ilex decidua) and Common Winterberry (I. verticillata; Eiseman, 2022). The mines have also been observed in North Carolina ... | We recommend searching for the stem mines on native hollies. The adults should be reared, photographed and collected whenever possible.... | GNR[SU] | ... | |||||
| Marmara new species 14 - on Gelsemium MONA_number: 718.15 | The genus Marmara contains 19 described species from North America and numerous undescribed species. Most species are monophagous, and the mines have been found on over 80 North American plant genera that belong to 40 families (Eiseman et al., 2017). Given the small number of described species relative to the large number of hosts, there appear to be dozens of undescribed species in the US. Many of the species are difficult to rear and are only known from leaf or stem mines. North Carolina appears to have numerous undescribed species based on host preferences and mine characteristics, and Tracy Feldman has spearheaded efforts to document these within the state. We have included Marmara that we believe are probably undescribed species (ca. 30) and have listed these by their host plants. We encourage individuals to submit any leaf or stem mines that they find based on the plant hosts in order to better document the distribution and relative abundance of these forms in North Carolina. | This appears to be an undescribed species that feeds on Gelsemium. Tracy Feldman and Charley Eiseman has reared adults, but they have not been described as of 2024.... | ... | The only known host as of 2024 is Carolina Jessamine (Gelsemium sempervirens). It is possible that our other native Gelsemium (G. rankinii) is also used as a host. ... | We recommend searching for the mines on Gelsemium vines. The adults should be reared, photographed and collected whenever possible.... | GNR[SU] | ... | |||||
| Marmara new species 13 - on Gardenia MONA_number: 718.14 | The genus Marmara contains 19 described species from North America and numerous undescribed species. Most species are monophagous, and the mines have been found on over 80 North American plant genera that belong to 40 families (Eiseman et al., 2017). Given the small number of described species relative to the large number of hosts, there appear to be dozens of undescribed species in the US. Many of the species are difficult to rear and are only known from leaf or stem mines. North Carolina appears to have numerous undescribed species based on host preferences and mine characteristics, and Tracy Feldman has spearheaded efforts to document these within the state. We have included Marmara that we believe are probably undescribed species (ca. 30) and have listed these by their host plants. We encourage individuals to submit any leaf or stem mines that they find based on the plant hosts in order to better document the distribution and relative abundance of these forms in North Carolina. | This form is suspected of being an undescribed species that feeds on members of the Rubiaceae. As of 2024, its only known host is an ornamental shrub, Gardenia jasminoides.... | ... | As of 2024, the only known host is Cape Jasmine Gardenia jasminoides, which is an ornamental shrub and a member of the Rubiaceae. ... | We recommend searching for mines on the leaves on native species that are in the family Rubiaceae. The adults should be reared, photographed and collected whenever possible.... | GNR[SU] | ... | |||||
| Marmara new species 12 - on Euphorbia MONA_number: 718.13 | The genus Marmara contains 19 described species from North America and numerous undescribed species. Most species are monophagous, and the mines have been found on over 80 North American plant genera that belong to 40 families (Eiseman et al., 2017). Given the small number of described species relative to the large number of hosts, there appear to be dozens of undescribed species in the US. Many of the species are difficult to rear and are only known from leaf or stem mines. North Carolina appears to have numerous undescribed species based on host preferences and mine characteristics, and Tracy Feldman has spearheaded efforts to document these within the state. We have included Marmara that we believe are probably undescribed species (ca. 30) and have listed these by their host plants. We encourage individuals to submit any leaf or stem mines that they find based on the plant hosts in order to better document the distribution and relative abundance of these forms in North Carolina. | This appears to be an undescribed species that feeds on Euphorbia. As of 2024 only one adult has been reared, but it was damaged and was not described. ... | ... | Wild Poinsettia (Euphorbia cyathophora) is the only known host as of 2024. ... | Local populations are best documented by searching for the leaf mines on Wild Poinsettia during the summer months. The adults should be reared, photographed and collected whenever possible.... | GNR[SU] | ... | |||||
| Marmara new species 11 - on Dysphania or Chenopodium MONA_number: 718.12 | The genus Marmara contains 19 described species from North America and numerous undescribed species. Most species are monophagous, and the mines have been found on over 80 North American plant genera that belong to 40 families (Eiseman et al., 2017). Given the small number of described species relative to the large number of hosts, there appear to be dozens of undescribed species in the US. Many of the species are difficult to rear and are only known from leaf or stem mines. North Carolina appears to have numerous undescribed species based on host preferences and mine characteristics, and Tracy Feldman has spearheaded efforts to document these within the state. We have included Marmara that we believe are probably undescribed species (ca. 30) and have listed these by their host plants. We encourage individuals to submit any leaf or stem mines that they find based on the plant hosts in order to better document the distribution and relative abundance of these forms in North Carolina. | This is an apparently undescribed species that mines the stems of Dysphania ambrosioides. As of 2024, the adults have not been reared. ... | The host plant occurs in the Sandhills and in a variety of disturbed habitats such as roadsides, fields, urban walkways and vacant lots.... | The only known host is Mexican-tea (Dysphania ambrosioides [ = Chemopodium ambrosioides]).... | Local populations are best documented by searching for the stem mines on Mexican-tea. The adults should be reared, photographed and collected whenever possible.... | GNR[SU] | ... | |||||
| sciName | taxonomic_comments | id_comments | habitat | food | observation_methods | state_protection | NHP_ranks | status_comments | ||||
| Marmara new species 10 - on Benthamidia and Swida MONA_number: 718.11 | The genus Marmara contains 19 described species from North America and numerous undescribed species. Most species are monophagous, and the mines have been found on over 80 North American plant genera that belong to 40 families (Eiseman et al., 2017). Given the small number of described species relative to the large number of hosts, there appear to be dozens of undescribed species in the US. Many of the species are difficult to rear and are only known from leaf or stem mines. North Carolina appears to have numerous undescribed species based on host preferences and mine characteristics, and Tracy Feldman has spearheaded efforts to document these within the state. We have included Marmara that we believe are probably undescribed species (ca. 30) and have listed these by their host plants. We encourage individuals to submit any leaf or stem mines that they find based on the plant hosts in order to better document the distribution and relative abundance of these forms in North Carolina. | This appears to be an undescribed species that mines the stems of dogwoods. ... | Local populations are found where dogwoods abound, including stream and other wetland margins, mesic woods, and residential neighborhoods. ... | The larvae specialize on dogwoods. As of 2024, we have records for Flowering Dogwood (Benthamidia florida [= Cornus florida]), Silky Dogwood (Swida amomum [= Cornus amomum]... | We recommend searching for mines on the younger stems of Flowering Dogwood or other dogwoods. The adults should be reared, photographed and collected whenever possible.... | GNR[SU] | ... | |||||
| Marmara new species 9 - on Cercis MONA_number: 718.10 | The genus Marmara contains 19 described species from North America and numerous undescribed species. Most species are monophagous, and the mines have been found on over 80 North American plant genera that belong to 40 families (Eiseman et al., 2017). Given the small number of described species relative to the large number of hosts, there appear to be dozens of undescribed species in the US. Many of the species are difficult to rear and are only known from leaf or stem mines. North Carolina appears to have numerous undescribed species based on host preferences and mine characteristics, and Tracy Feldman has spearheaded efforts to document these within the state. We have included Marmara that we believe are probably undescribed species (ca. 30) and have listed these by their host plants. We encourage individuals to submit any leaf or stem mines that they find based on the plant hosts in order to better document the distribution and relative abundance of these forms in North Carolina. | This appears to be an undescribed species that mines the stems of Eastern Redbud. ... | Local populations are found where Eastern Redbud is present, including residential neighborhoods, roadside embankments, and rich woods with ciarcumneutral soils.... | Eastern Redbud Cercis canadensis is the only documented host. ... | We recommend searching for the mines on the younger stems of Eastern Redbud. The adults should be reared, photographed and collected whenever possible.... | GNS[SU] | ... | |||||
| Marmara new species 8 - on Carya spp. MONA_number: 718.09 | The genus Marmara contains 19 described species from North America and numerous undescribed species. Most species are monophagous, and the mines have been found on over 80 North American plant genera that belong to 40 families (Eiseman et al., 2017). Given the small number of described species relative to the large number of hosts, there appear to be dozens of undescribed species in the US. Many of the species are difficult to rear and are only known from leaf or stem mines. North Carolina appears to have numerous undescribed species based on host preferences and mine characteristics, and Tracy Feldman has spearheaded efforts to document these within the state. We have included Marmara that we believe are probably undescribed species (ca. 30) and have listed these by their host plants. We encourage individuals to submit any leaf or stem mines that they find based on the plant hosts in order to better document the distribution and relative abundance of these forms in North Carolina. | This appears to be an undescribed species that mines the stems of hickories. As of 2024, there are no descriptions of the adults and all of our records are based on stem mines. ... | Local populations are generally found in hardwood or mixed pine-hardwood forests where hickories are well represented. ... | As of 2024 we have host records for Bitternut Hickory (Carya cordiformis), Mockernut Hickory (C. tomentosa) and Sand Hickory (C. pallida).... | We recommend searching the younger stems of hickories for the stem mines. The adults should be reared, photographed and collected whenever possible.... | GNR[SU] | ... | |||||
| Marmara new species 7 - on Ostrya MONA_number: 718.08 | The genus Marmara contains 19 described species from North America and numerous undescribed species. Most species are monophagous, and the mines have been found on over 80 North American plant genera that belong to 40 families (Eiseman et al., 2017). Given the small number of described species relative to the large number of hosts, there appear to be dozens of undescribed species in the US. Many of the species are difficult to rear and are only known from leaf or stem mines. North Carolina appears to have numerous undescribed species based on host preferences and mine characteristics, and Tracy Feldman has spearheaded efforts to document these within the state. We have included Marmara that we believe are probably undescribed species (ca. 30) and have listed these by their host plants. We encourage individuals to submit any leaf or stem mines that they find based on the plant hosts in order to better document the distribution and relative abundance of these forms in North Carolina. | This appears to be an undescribed species that feeds on American Hop-hornbeam. As of 2024, we are not aware on any adults being reared or described. ... | Local populations are generally associated with mesic hardwood forests, particularly those with rich, circumneutral soils. ... | American Hop-hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana) is the only known host. ... | We recommend searching for the stem mines on the younger stems of Ostrya. The adults should be reared, photographed and collected whenever possible.... | GNR[SU] | ... | |||||
| Marmara new species 6 - on Carpinus MONA_number: 718.07 | The genus Marmara contains 19 described species from North America and numerous undescribed species. Most species are monophagous, and the mines have been found on over 80 North American plant genera that belong to 40 families (Eiseman et al., 2017). Given the small number of described species relative to the large number of hosts, there appear to be dozens of undescribed species in the US. Many of the species are difficult to rear and are only known from leaf or stem mines. North Carolina appears to have numerous undescribed species based on host preferences and mine characteristics, and Tracy Feldman has spearheaded efforts to document these within the state. We have included Marmara that we believe are probably undescribed species (ca. 30) and have listed these by their host plants. We encourage individuals to submit any leaf or stem mines that they find based on the plant hosts in order to better document the distribution and relative abundance of these forms in North Carolina. | This appears to be an undescribed species that feeds on American Hornbeam. As of 2024, we are not aware on any adults being reared or described. ... | Local populations are generally associated with bottomlands, stream sides, and rich lower slopes where American Hornbeam is present. ... | American Hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana) is apparently the only host. ... | We recommend searching for the stem mines on the younger stems of Carpinus. The adults should be reared, photographed and collected whenever possible.... | ... | ||||||