Moths of North Carolina

sciName	taxonomic_comments	id_comments	habitat	food	observation_methods	state_protection	NHP_ranks	status_comments
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Schinia tuberculum Golden Aster Flower Moth MONA_number: 11116.00	One of 126 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2011), the majority of which occur in the West; 25 have been recorded in North Carolina.	...	Our records come almost entirely from open Longleaf woodlands in the Coastal Plain, including both sandridges and flatwoods....	Larvae have been recorded feeding on Narrowleaf Silkgrass (Pityopsis graminifolia) (Wagner et al., 2011)....	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G4 SNR [S3S4]	...
Schinia trifascia Three-lined Flower Moth MONA_number: 11149.00	One of 126 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2011), the majority of which occur in the West; 25 have been recorded in North Carolina.	...	...	Larvae feed species of Eupatorium and Eutrochium, including Tall Thoroughwort (Eupatorium altissimum), Yankeeweed (E. compositifolium), Common Boneset (E. perfoliatum	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G5 SNR [S4S5]	...
Schinia thoreaui Thoreau's Flower Moth MONA_number: 11141.00	One of 126 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2011), the majority of which occur in the West; 25 have been recorded in North Carolina.	...	...	Larvae feed on Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) and possibly other ragweed species (Wagner et al., 2011)....	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G5 SNR [S1S3]	...
Schinia sordidus Sordid Flower Moth MONA_number: 11112.00	One of 126 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2011), the majority of which occur in the West; 25 have been recorded in North Carolina.	...	Our records all come from dry, open sand barrens, including both open maritime scrub, xeric Carolina Bay rims, and inland sandhills....	Reported hosts include Sandhill Golden-aster (Pityopsis pinifolia) and Slender Scratch-daisy (Croptilon divaricatum) (Wagner et al., 2011)....	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G4? S2S3	...
Schinia siren Aluring Schinia MONA_number: 11115.00	One of 126 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2011), the majority of which occur in the West; 25 have been recorded in North Carolina.	...	...	Reported hosts include camphorweed (Heterotheca subaxillaris) and Golden Crownbeard (Verbesina encelioides) (Heppner, 2007; Wagner et al., 2011). We do not have any larval records in Nor...	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	GNR SU [S3S4]	...
sciName	taxonomic_comments	id_comments	habitat	food	observation_methods	state_protection	NHP_ranks	status_comments
Schinia septentrionalis Northern Flower Moth MONA_number: 11110.00	One of 126 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2011), the majority of which occur in the West; 25 have been recorded in North Carolina.	A medium-sized Flower Moth, with an ochraceous ground color, heavily mottled with red-brown in the basal and subterminal areas of the forewing. Both antemedian and postemedian lines are pale; the ante...	The only site for which we have habitat data is a dredge-spoil deposition area located in the estuary of the Cape Fear River. Although the Sandhills record provided by Brimley (1938) is consistent wit...	Larvae are stenophagous, feeding on blue-flowered asters, including members of the genera Symphyotrichum, Eurybia, and Ionactis (all formerly Aster), several of which occur...	We have too few records to determine whether this species comes regularly to blacklights. Searching for larvae and adults resting in flowers is probably the most efficient way of documenting the prese...	Listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program. That designation, however, does not confer any legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G3G4 SH	This species is regarded as a specialist on native grasslands (Metzler et al., 2005; Schweitzer et al., 2011), which may be part of the reason for its apparent scarcity. Schweitzer et al. also state t...
Schinia saturata Brown Flower Moth MONA_number: 11140.00	One of 126 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2011), the majority of which occur in the West; 25 have been recorded in North Carolina.	...	...	Reported hosts include Camphorweed (Heterotheca subaxillaris), Narrowleaf Silkgrass (Pityopsis graminifolia), and Tall Jointweed (Polygonella gracilis) (Wagner et al., 2011)....	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G5 SNR [S3S4]	...
Schinia sanguinea Bleeding Flower Moth MONA_number: 11173.00	One of 126 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2011), the majority of which occur in the West; 25 have been recorded in North Carolina.	...	Our records come from both wet Longleaf Savannas and mesic sandhill woodlands....	Larvae reportedly feed on blazing-star (Liatris), including Dense Blazing-star (L. spicata) and Northern Blazing-star (L. scariosa) (Wagner et al., 2011). In North Carolina, both ...	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G4 S2S3	...
Schinia rivulosa Ragweed Flower Moth MONA_number: 11135.00	One of 126 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2011), the majority of which occur in the West; 25 have been recorded in North Carolina.	...	...	Larvae feed on ragweeds (Ambrosia spp.), including Common Ragweed (A. artemisiifolia) and Giant Ragweed (A. trifida) (Wagner et al., 2011)....	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G5 SNR [S4S5]	...
Schinia obscurata Erigeron Flower Moth MONA_number: 11118.00	One of 126 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2011), the majority of which occur in the West; 25 have been recorded in North Carolina.	...	...	Larvae reportedly feed on fleabanes (Erigeron spp.), including Annual Fleabane (E. annuus) and Philadelphia Fleabane (E. philadelphicus) (Wagner et al., 2011). We do not have any ...	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G4 S2S3	...
sciName	taxonomic_comments	id_comments	habitat	food	observation_methods	state_protection	NHP_ranks	status_comments
Schinia nundina Goldenrod Flower Moth MONA_number: 11177.00	One of 126 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2011), the majority of which occur in the West; 25 have been recorded in North Carolina.	...	...	Larvae feed on goldenrods (Solidago spp.), including Canada Goldenrod (S. canadensis), Midwestern Stiff Goldenrod (S. rigida), and Northern Wand Goldenrod (S. stricta) (Wag...	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G5 SNR [S3S4]	...
Calosima albapenella MONA_number: 1647.00		...	...		...			...
Martyringa xeraula Himalayan Grain Moth MONA_number: 1066.00	Martyringa is a small genus with four recognized species that occur in North America, India, and Southeast Asia. Hodges described Martyringa ravicapitis in 1960 from two reared Louisiana specimens. This species is an introduced grain moth from India and Asia. Meyrick (1910) described an essentially identical species as Anchonoma xeraula from India (later transferred to the genus Martyringa). Most treatments of this genus treat M. ravicapitis as a junior synonym of M. xeraula, as we do here.	The following description is based on Hodges (1960). The labial palp, head, thorax, and forewing are ocherous and heavily overlaid with dark fuscous. The second segment of the labial palp is dark fusc...	The habitats are poorly documented. Expect to find this species in decomposing organic matter such as rotting logs or compose piles. It also occasionally exploits stored grain. ...	This species is a minor pest in stored grain and also feeds on detritus and its associated organisms (Hodges, 1974; Robinson et al., 2010)...	The adults are attracted to lights. ...		GNR SE	This is an exotic species that does not merit protection. ...
Zeiraphera claypoleana Buckeye Petiole Borer Moth MONA_number: 3238.00		The following description is from Forbes (1923). The forewing is pale brownish gray and shaded heavily with sage green. The inner half towards the base is green and has a well-defined outer boundary t...	Yellow Buckeye appears to be the primary host of this species in the Blue Ridge and is one of the most characteristic plants of Rich Cove Forests. Although it grows as high as 6,000' in Northern Hard...	The larvae appear to feed on Ohio Buckeye (Aesculus glabra) throughout much of their range, and also use Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) in some areas (Litner, 1897; Robinson et al., 2010)....	The adults only occasionally come to lights, and many adult records are based on individuals that were reared from buckeyes. Populations are easy to document by searching for the wilted leaves of buck...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	GNR S2S4	We currently do not have sufficient information on the distribution and abundance of this species to accurately assess its conservation status....
Perimede erransella Gray Perimede MONA_number: 1623.00		...	...	Reported hosts include hickory, oak, elm, Tuliptree, and Bald Cypress (Heppner, 2007). The hosts used in North Carolina are unknown....	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.		...
sciName	taxonomic_comments	id_comments	habitat	food	observation_methods	state_protection	NHP_ranks	status_comments
Perimede ricina None MONA_number: 1631.00		...	...	The hosts are apparently unknown....	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.		...
Schinia nubila Camphorweed Flower Moth MONA_number: 11137.00	One of 126 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2011), the majority of which occur in the West; 25 have been recorded in North Carolina.	...	Almost all of our records come from barrier islands where Camphorweed is common. A few also come from sandridge habitats located close to the coast. ...	Larvae are stenophagous, feeding on camphorweeds (Heterotheca spp.) (Wagner et al., 2011). Populations associated with the barrier islands are probably restricted to feeding on (H. subaxilla...	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G5 SNR [S3S4]	...
Schinia mitis None MONA_number: 11169.00	One of 126 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2011), the majority of which occur in the West; 25 have been recorded in North Carolina.	...	...	Larvae have been recorded on Carolina False-dandelion (Pyrrhopappus carolinianus) (Wagner et al., 2011). In North Carolina, there is a BugGuide record (Mike Hill, 2014) of a larva feeding on	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G4 SNR [SU]	In the East, this species is primarily found in Florida and along the coast as far north as Maryland. The status of this species as a resident in North Carolina, however, has not been established; it ...
Schinia lynx Lynx Flower Moth MONA_number: 11117.00	One of 126 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2011), the majority of which occur in the West; 25 have been recorded in North Carolina.	...	...	Reported hosts include Common Horseweed (Erigeron canadensis) and Camphorweed (Heterotheca subaxillaris) (Wagner et al., 2011)....	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G5 SNR [S2S3]	...
Schinia lucens Leadplant Flower Moth MONA_number: 11174.00	One of 126 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2011), the majority of which occur in the West; 25 have been recorded in North Carolina.	...	...	Larvae reportedly feed on species of Amorpha, including False Indigo-bush (A. fruticosa) and Leadplant (A. canescens) (Wagner et al., 2011)....	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G4 SNR [SH]	...
sciName	taxonomic_comments	id_comments	habitat	food	observation_methods	state_protection	NHP_ranks	status_comments
Schinia jaguarina Jaguar Flower Moth MONA_number: 11132.00	One of 126 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2011), the majority of which occur in the West; 25 have been recorded in North Carolina.	A medium sized Noctuid but one of the largest Flower Moths. This species has a bicolored pattern, with the median and terminal areas of the forewing being tan to luteous and contrasting with the dark...	Except for the historic record given in Brimley (1938), for which the habitat was not recorded, all of our records come from loammy Longleaf Pine savannas or Sandhill Seeps possessing populations of O...	Larvae are reportedly stenophagous, feeding on species of scurf-pea (formerly Psoralea but now divided into Orbexilum and a few other genera) (Wyatt, 1953; Bess, 2005). In North Carolina...	Comes at least to some extent to blacklights, but searches for larvae or adults resting on the flowers of the host plant may provide a more efficient way of surveying for this species....	Listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program. That designation, however, does not confer any legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G4 S1S2	This species is strongly associated with native grasslands and has the main part of its range in the prairies of the Midwest (Bess, 2005; Metzlar et al., 2005). Despite its wide range, it is considere...
Schinia indiana Phlox Moth MONA_number: 11095.00	One of 126 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2011), the majority of which occur in the West; 25 have been recorded in North Carolina.	A small, purplish-red Flower Moth. The head and thorax are dark brown to olive. The abdomen is also dark but with fine pale lines at the ends of the segments and a yellow tuft at the posterior tip. Th...	Most of the habitats where this species has been recorded in the Midwest consist of open sand ridges (Kwiat, 1908), barrens, dry woodlands, and ecotonal or disturbed habitats (Schweitzer et al., 2011)...	Larvae are possibly monophagous, with Downy Phlox (Phlox pilosa) being the only host plant observed in the wild (Kwiat, 1908; Hardwick, 1959; Schweitzer et al., 2011). However, Hardwick (1958) ...	Adults apparently do not come to lights (Schweitzer et al., 2011) and most, if not all, records have come from direct searching for adults or larvae resting on the flowers of their host plants....	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G2G4 SH	This species is known from fewer than twenty locations throughout its range, which is located mainly in the upper Midwest, although apparently disjunct populations have been reported in Texas, Georgi...
Schinia grandimedia False Boneset Flower Moth MONA_number: 11148.10		...	Based on the distribution of its host plant, this species should be found in a number of dry-xeric woodlands, glades, and barrens. As of 2022, one of our two site records comes from a "bean dip" in th...	Larvae have been recorded on False Boneset (Brickellia eupatorioides) (Wagner et al., 2011)....	...		GNR SNR [S1S2]	Although only recently discovered in North Carolina, it possibly has a resident population in the Fall-line Sandhills and is not simply a long-distance migrant from the West....
Schinia gracilenta Slender Flower Moth MONA_number: 11147.00	One of 126 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2011), the majority of which occur in the West; 25 have been recorded in North Carolina.	...	...	Reported hosts include False Boneset (Brickellia eupatorioides), Sweet Joe-pye-weed (Eutrochium purpureum), Annual Marsh-elder (Iva annua), and Bigleaf Marsh-elder (I. frutesce...	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G4 SNR [SU]	The residency status of this species in North Carolina needs to be established before its conservation status can be assessed...
Schinia florida Primrose Moth MONA_number: 11164.00	One of 126 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2011), the majority of which occur in the West; 25 have been recorded in North Carolina.	...	Wagner et al. (2011) list fields, roadsides, waste places, grasslands, prairies, and coastal communities as habitats used by this species. Our records all come from the Mountains, including from wet m...	Larvae feed on evening-primrose (Oenothera spp.), including Common Evening-primrose (O. biennis), Biennial Beeblossom (O. gaura), and Northern Evening-primrose (O. parviflora	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G5 SNR [S2S3]	...
sciName	taxonomic_comments	id_comments	habitat	food	observation_methods	state_protection	NHP_ranks	status_comments
Schinia carolinensis Carolina Schinia MONA_number: 11202.00	One of 126 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2011), the majority of which occur in the West; 25 have been recorded in North Carolina.	A small Flower Moth. The forewings are straw yellow and unmarked; the hindwings are fuscous with a darker but diffuse discal spot. ...	All of our records come from wet to mesic Pine Savannas and Sandhill Seeps (Brimley's record from Southern Pines does not have any associated habitat information but is likely to have come from some t...	Host plants are apparently unknown....	Appears to come reasonably well to blacklights but adults can also be flushed during the day. Larvae and adults will probably be most easily sampled by searching the flowers of their host plants, once...	Listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program. That designation, however, does not confer any legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G3 SH	This species has a small global range, occurring from North Carolina to Florida in very localized populations (Schweitzer et al., 2011); it has not been recorded in North Carolina since 2001. As an ap...
Schinia bina Bina Flower Moth MONA_number: 11105.00	One of 126 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2011), the majority of which occur in the West; 25 have been recorded in North Carolina.	A medium-sized Flower Moth, shaded with olive on the thorax and terminal area of the forewing; often with rose or pink in the median area and darker purple in the basal area and on the head (not evide...	Our sole recent record comes from a dredge-spoil disposal area located in the lower Cape Fear River estuary....	Larvae are oligophagous, feeding on several species of composites. Wagner et al. (2011) list the following species that occur in the North Carolina Coastal Plain: Smallflower Hawksbeard (Crepis pul...	We have too few records to determine how well adults come to blacklights. ...	Listed as Significantly Rare by the Natural Heritage Program. That designation, however, does not confer any legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G4 SH	Although we have very few records for this species, neither host plants nor habitats appear to be limiting factors. Too little is known about this species in North Carolina to assess its conservation ...
Schinia arcigera Arcigera Flower Moth MONA_number: 11128.00	One of 126 species in this genus that occur in North America (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010, 2011), the majority of which occur in the West; 25 have been recorded in North Carolina.	...	...	Larvae are polyphagous, feeding on several forb species including asters (Symphyotrichum), camphorweed (Heterotheca), Common Horseweed (Erigeron canadensis), Carolina Sea-lavender...	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G5 SNR [S4S5]	...
Scardia amurensis None MONA_number: 311.10		Robinson (1986) noted that this species is indistinguishable externally from Scardia boletella, and the following is based in part on the description of that species. The vertex and frons are b...	Local populations depend of bracket fungi that grow on hardwoods such as oaks and American Beech. As of 2020, our records are from semi-wooded residential neighborhoods and an urban park....	The larvae specialize on bracket fungi, including Globifomes graveolens and Fomes fomentarius that grow on the trunks of various hardwoods (Robinson, 1986). ...	The adults are attracted to lights, and adults have been reared from bracket fungi. ...		GNA SNA	This is an exotic species that does not merit protection. ...
Saucrobotys futilalis Dogbane Saucrobotys MONA_number: 4936.00	Munroe (1976) recognized two subspecies, with North Carolina specimens belonging to Saucrobotys f. futilalis	In this species the head, thorax, antennae, and forewing ground color are concolorous and vary from brownish fuscous to orangish brown. The transverse antemedial and postmedial lines are both dentate ...	This species specialized on dogbanes (Apocynum spp.) and local populations are found in the proximity of the hosts, which includes open and often disturbed habitats such as abandoned fields, ro...	The larvae feed on species of dogbane (Apocynum) (Robinson et al., 2010). Munroe (1976) noted that his colleagues found larvae feeding on Butterfly Milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa) in Kentu...	The adults are attracted to lights, and the communal larvae and their webs are often conspicuous on dogbanes. ...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	GNR [S4S5]	This species can be locally common where the host plants are present and appears to be reasonably secure in North. Carolina. ...
sciName	taxonomic_comments	id_comments	habitat	food	observation_methods	state_protection	NHP_ranks	status_comments
Samia cynthia Ailanthus Silkmoth MONA_number: 7759.00		...	...	Larvae are reportedly widely polyphagous, feeding on a range of trees and herbaceous plants, including Ailanthus, apple (Malus), ash (Fraxinus), basswood (Tilia), bitterswe...	...		GU [SNA]	A larva found in Guilford County in July 2017 by David Campbell appears to be the first state record for this species in North Carolina. Although a spectacular and interesting species, it is not nativ...
Samea multiplicalis Salvinia Stem-borer Moth MONA_number: 5151.00		This species is very similar to S. castellalis, with the ground color of the forewing being overlain with an array of nearly translucent, whitish patches. The patches are roughly arrayed in thr...	Local populations are generally centered around sluggish aquatic habitats such as swamps, permanent ponds, lakes, marshes and canals that support aquatic vegetation....	The larvae are moderately polyphagous and feed on aquatic plants (Knopf and Habeck, 1976; Center et al., 2002; Heppner, 2007; Robinson et al., 2010; Tewari and Johnson, 2011; Beadle and Leckie, 2018)....	The adults are attracted to lights and the larvae can be found on floating aquatic plants. ...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	GNR [S2S4]	This species reaches the northern limit of its main range in North Carolina and is uncommon within the state. We need additional information on host use, distribution and abundance before we can accur...
Salebriaria turpidella None MONA_number: 5771.00		...	...	Heppner (2007) lists oaks as the host plants in Florida. There are BugGuide records from George Smiley in Texas of larvae reared from Overcup Oak (Quercus lyrata) and Bur Oak (Q. macrocarpa<...	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.		...
Salebriaria tenebrosella None MONA_number: 5775.00		"Need high quality images to detect presence or absence of reddish scales in these [tenebrosella, fasciata, and rufimaculatella]" (Scholtens, 2017) ...	...	Larvae feed on oaks, with reported hosts including White Oak (Quercus alba), Post Oak (Q. stellata), and Sand Post Oak (Q. margaretiae) (Marquis et al., 2019; Robinson et al., 201...	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.		...
Salebriaria squamopalpiella White-patched Salebriaria MONA_number: 5775.30		...	...	Host plants are apparently unknown....	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.		...
sciName	taxonomic_comments	id_comments	habitat	food	observation_methods	state_protection	NHP_ranks	status_comments
Salebriaria pumilella None MONA_number: 5776.00		...	...	Larvae reportedly feed on oaks, including Live Oak (Quercus virginiana) (Robinson et al., 2010). There is a BugGuide record (George Smiley, 2023) of a larva reared from Overcup Oak (Q. lyrat...	...			...
Salebriaria new species (NC-1) MONA_number: 5776.30		...	...	Host plants are unknown....	...			...
Salebriaria fasciata None MONA_number: 5775.10		Salebriaria fasciata is very similar to S. rufimaculatella in having a broad, well-developed, whitish, antemedial band on the forewing, but it lacks the patch of red scales on the forewi...	...	Host plants are apparently unknown....	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.		...
Salebriaria engeli Engel's Salebriaria MONA_number: 5773.00		...	...	Larvae feed on oaks, with reported hosts including Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra) and Black Oak (Q. velutina) (Lill, 2008; Marquis et al., 2019)....	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.		...
Salebriaria carolynae None MONA_number: 5775.80		...	...	Host plants are apparently unknown....	...			...
sciName	taxonomic_comments	id_comments	habitat	food	observation_methods	state_protection	NHP_ranks	status_comments
Salebriaria annulosella Black-patched Salebriaria MONA_number: 5774.00		...	...	Host plants are apparently unknown....	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.		...
Rusicada privata Hibiscus-leaf Caterpillar Moth MONA_number: 8547.00		The ground color is yellowish to dark fuscous, sometimes with a heavy dusting of red and a paler patch of mouse gray or reddish-yellow in the fold where it is crossed by the postmedian (Forbes, 1954)....	...	Larvae feed on Hibiscus species, including non-native Rose-of-Sharon (H. syriacus) (Wagner et al., 2011). In North Carolina, David George has observed larvae feeding on Rose-of-Sharon pl...	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	GNR SNR [SNA]	This species is an introduced Old World Species (Wagner et al., 2011)....
Rupela tinctella Satin Rupela MONA_number: 5311.00	Heinrich (1937) examined the genitalia of what were thought to be two or three white species of Rupela and was surprised to find that these constituted a group of at least 18 cryptic species with very distinctive genitalia. Only two species are known from North Carolina and in most cases they require the examination of genitalia for identification.	Only two species of R. segrega are known from North Carolina. The males and females of R. segrega are identical, with both having an elongated abdomen and the head, thorax, abdomen, and ...	...	The hosts are apparently undocumented....	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	GNR SNR [S1S2]	...
Rupela segrega None MONA_number: 5310.00	Heinrich (1937) examined the genitalia of what were thought to be two or three white species of Rupela and was surprised to find that these constituted a group of at least 18 cryptic species with very distinctive genitalia. Only two species are known from North Carolina and they usually require the examination of genitalia for identification.	Only two species of R. segrega are known from North Carolina. The males and females of R. segrega are identical, with both having an elongated abdomen and the head, thorax, abdomen, and ...	...	The hosts are apparently undocumented. ...	The adults are attracted to lights. ...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.		...
Rudenia leguminana Black-tipped Rudenia MONA_number: 3839.00		...	...	Larvae reportedly feed on plants in the Fabaceae, including honey locust (Gleditsia) (Heppner, 2007)....	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.		...
sciName	taxonomic_comments	id_comments	habitat	food	observation_methods	state_protection	NHP_ranks	status_comments
Rivula stepheni Stephen's Spotted Grass Moth MONA_number: 8404.20	One of three species in this genus that occur in North America north of Mexico (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010), two of which have been recorded in North Carolina	A small, pale, subtly marked Grass Moth. According to Sullivan (2009), the ground color is ivory white, although in fresh specimens it may be more of a cream or pale yellow. There may be a dusting of ...	All of our records come from riparian habitats, including Coastal Plain Small Stream Swamps, Sandhill Streamhead Swamp Forest and Brownwater Cypress-gum Forest Coastal Plain, most of which have shallo...	Larval hosts are unknown but are probably wetland graminoids; the host plants identified for other species of Rivula include both grasses and sedges (Sullivan, 2009; Wagner et al., 2011)....	All of our records were obtained from lights. Rivula propinqualis flies to some extent during the day and can be flushed by walking through its habitat; the same may be true for R. stepheni<...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	GNR SU [S2S3]	This species appears to be a habitat specialist although the habitats themselves are fairly widely distributed, at least as graminoid-rich wetlands. More information is needed on its host plants, howe...
Rivula propinqualis Spotted Grass Moth MONA_number: 8404.00	One of three species in this genus that occur in North America north of Mexico (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010), two of which have been recorded in North Carolina	...	Most of our records come from wetlands, including floodplain forests, swamps, bogs, seeps, and shorelines, all where wetland graminoids are prominent features of the herb layer. A few records come fro...	Larvae feed on grasses (Wagner et al., 2011). In North Carolina, Tracy Feldman has reared a larva from Awl-fruit Sedge (Carex stipata)....	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G5 SNR [S4S5]	...
Rifargia subrotata Small Prominent MONA_number: 7985.00	One of 21 species in this genus that occur in North America north of Mexico (Lafontaine and Schmidt, 2010), seven of which have been recorded in North Carolina.	...	The majority of our records come from brownwater river floodplains in the Coastal Plain and bottomlands in the Piedmont. Sugarberry (Celtis laevigata) is the most likely host in those sites....	Larvae feed on hackberry (Celtis) species (Wagner, 2005). Other reported hosts needing confirmation include maple (Acer), birch (Betula), hickory (Carya), and witch-hazel (...	...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	G4G5 SNR [S3S4]	...
Rhyacionia rigidana Pitch Pine Tip Moth MONA_number: 2868.00	The genus Rhyacionia is widespread in the Holarctic Region, ranging from Japan and Asia to the Caribbean Antilles and Mexico (Powell and Miller, 1978). There are 33 described species worldwide and 24 in North America. The larvae feed on the needles, buds, and growing tips of pines.	The palps and head are light frosted gray, while the dorsum of the thorax is similar but slightly darker. The extreme base of the forewing is grayish, while most of the remaining basal one-fourth is m...	Populations depend on yellow pines as host plants and are found in pine and mixed pine-hardwood forests statewide. ...	The larvae feed on several members of the yellow pine group (Powell and Miller, 1978; Brown et al., 2008). The known hosts include Shortleaf Pine (P. echinata), Red Pine (P. resinosa), P...	The adults come to lights. ...	Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.	GNR [S4S5]	This species occurs statewide and appears to be relatively secure. ...
Rhyacionia granti Jack Pine Tip Moth MONA_number: 2879.10	The genus Rhyacionia is widespread in the Holarctic Region, ranging from Japan and Asia to the Caribbean Antilles and Mexico (Powell and Miller, 1978). There are 33 described species worldwide and 24 in North America. The larvae feed on the needles, buds, and growing tips of pines.	The following is based in part on the original description by Miller (1985). For North Carolina specimens, the labial palps are grayish, while the crown of the head, the anterior portion of the thorax...	Local populations are dependent on yellow pines for reproduction and do not use White Pine (Pinus strobus). A site in Madison County where it is common is a mixed conifer-hardwood forest. ...	This species uses Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana) in Ontario, and presumably other pines farther south (Miller, 1985). At a site in Madison County where the adults are common, the only suitable hos...	The adults are attracted to lights. ...		GNR SU	Our populations appear to be restricted to the Blue Ridge, and are perhaps isolated from more northern populations. As of 2021, we have only two site records. Additional information is needed on the d...