Moths of North Carolina
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View PDFGracillariidae Members:
Caloptilia Members:
21 NC Records

Caloptilia hypericella (Braun, 1918) - No Common Name

Caloptilia hypericellaCaloptilia hypericella
view caption 		Caloptilia hypericellaCaloptilia hypericella
Taxonomy
Superfamily:
Gracillarioidea		 Family:
Gracillariidae		Subfamily:
Gracillariinae		Tribe:
[Gracillariini]		P3 Number:
33a0177		 MONA Number:
608.00
Comments: Caloptilia is a large genus with nearly 300 described species; 64 species have been described from North America north of Mexico. The larvae mostly feed on woody plants and begin as leaf-mining sap-feeders. The latter instars usually exit the mines and feed within a conical roll that begins at the leaf apex or at the tip of a leaf lobe.
Identification
Field Guide Descriptions: Online Resources: MPG, BugGuide, iNaturalist, Google, BAMONA, GBIF, BOLDTechnical Description, Adults: Braun (1918)Technical Description, Immature Stages: Braun (1918), Eiseman (2019)                                                                                 
Adult Markings: This species lacks the bold patterning that is seen in many Caloptilia and has an overall drab, ochreous coloration with darker mottling. Braun (1918) described the forewings as having an ocherous ground color that is overlain with shining purplish fuscous. The dark coloration on the dorsal half of the wing fades into a lighter wash of varying width that extends along much of the length of the costa. The lighter wash is often narrowest near the wing tip, broadens to reach its maximum width near the middle of the wing, then fades out towards the wing base. There is normally a series of minute fuscous dots on the costal edge. The face is whitish and the labial palps are whitish, but often overlain with extensive dark coloration on the terminal half that produces a somewhat two-toned appearance. The cilia are fuscous and have 3-4 indistinct darker lines running through them. The tibia and femur of the front and middle leg are dark brown to blackish, while the tarsi are whitish with dark spots near the tarsal joints. The rear legs are whitish, but dusted with fuscous coloration.

This species is superficially similar to some specimens of C. rhoifoliella, but is smaller (wing span 8.5-10 mm versus 12-13 mm) and lacks the series of dark brown dots or small rectangular blotches along the costa and fold. The light coloration along the costa also extends more basally in C. hypericella.
Wingspan: 8.5-10 mm (Braun, 1918)
Forewing Length: 5 mm (BugGuide)
Adult ID Requirements: Identifiable from good quality photos of unworn specimens.
Immatures and Development: The larva initially makes a small linear mine that expands into an elongated blotch on the leaf. The blotch is small (typically < 2 mm wide and 7-8 mm long) and becomes tentiform when mature. An indistinct central frass line is often evident in the linear portion. Observations of mines in North Carolina suggest that the placement and characteristics of the mines may vary depending on the host plant. Mines in the Piedmont on Hypericum hypericoides can occur on both upper and lower leaf surfaces and can be linear, splotch or tentiform types. They often appear yellowish and lack the central frass line. In contrast, those on H. punctatum and H. stragulum that have been observed in the Blue Ridge typically are on the undersides of leaves and consist of an initially portion with a faint central frass line that rapidly balloons into a tentiform blotch. The larva eventually abandons its mine and constructs a conical shelter by rolling the tip of the leaf downward into a cone (Braun 1918; Eiseman 2019). This usually involving using the whole leaf. The cocoon is constructed on the underside of the curled leaf.
Larvae ID Requirements: Identifiable from good quality photos, especially where associated with known host plants.
Distribution in North Carolina
Distribution: Populations are known from scattered localities in eastern North America, including Ontario, Quebec, Michigan, Vermont, and Massachusetts, southward to Alabama, Mississippi and Florida (Eiseman, 2019; MPG). As of 2024, we have scattered records of mines or adults from the mountains eastward to the Coastal Plain.
County Map: Clicking on a county returns the records for the species in that county.
Caloptilia hypericella
Flight Dates:
 High Mountains (HM) ≥ 4,000 ft.
 Low Mountains (LM) < 4,000 ft.
 Piedmont (Pd)
 Coastal Plain (CP)

Click on graph to enlarge
Immature Dates:
 High Mountains (HM) ≥ 4,000 ft.
 Low Mountains (LM) < 4,000 ft.
 Piedmont (Pd)
 Coastal Plain (CP)

Click on graph to enlarge
Flight Comments: Local populations appear to have two or more broods per year. Larvae have been found in April, July, and late-August in Ohio and Kentucky (Braun 1918; Eiseman 2019). As of 2024, our limited records for adults extend from early-April through early-October.
Habitats and Life History
Habitats: Given the large number of host species used, populations likely occur in a wide range of habitats such as old fields, roadsides, rocky woods, and dry to mesic forests.
Larval Host Plants: As the name implies, C. hypericella is a specialist on Hypericum species (St. John's-wort). Eiseman (2019) found this species on Triadenum, which is now generally treated as being a subgroup within the genus Hypericum (Weakley 2015). Species in eastern North America that are used as hosts include Roundpod St. John's-wort (H. cistifolium), St. Peter's-wort (H. crux-andreae), St. Andrew's-cross (H. hypericoides), Dwarf St. John's-wort (H. mutilum), Shrubby St. John's-wort (H. prolificum), Spotted St. John's-wort (H. punctatum), Low St. John's-wort (H. stragulum), and Virginia Marsh St. John's-wort (Triadenum virginicum) (Eiseman, 2022). In North Carolina, we have records for Hypericum crux-andreae, H. hypericoides, H. mitchellianum, H. punctatum, and H. stragulum. - View
Observation Methods: The adults appear to only rarely visit lights, and searching for leaf mines on Hypericum species may be the most productive way to document local populations.
Wikipedia
See also Habitat Account for St. John's-wort Thickets
Status in North Carolina
Natural Heritage Program Status:
Natural Heritage Program Ranks: GNR S3S4
State Protection: Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.
Comments: Caloptilia hypericella appears to be uncommon throughout its range based on the rather small number of locality records for eastern North America. It has likely been overlooked due to the small size of the mines.

 Photo Gallery for Caloptilia hypericella - None

Photos: 29

Recorded by: Jeff Niznik, David George on 2024-08-07
Transylvania Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: Jim Petranka and Mark Basinger on 2024-08-06
Mitchell Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2024-08-03
Madison Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2024-08-03
Madison Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2024-06-16
Madison Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: Jeff Niznik on 2024-06-15
Scotland Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2024-06-14
Madison Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: David George, Jeff Niznik on 2024-06-10
Chatham Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Jeff Niznik on 2023-09-30
Harnett Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: Jeff Niznik, Stephen Dunn on 2023-07-26
Chatham Co.
Comment: on Hypericum sp.
Recorded by: Stephen Dunn on 2023-07-21
Orange Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: Stephen Dunn on 2023-07-21
Orange Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: John Petrankaj on 2023-05-04
Orange Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: Tracy S. Feldman on 2022-07-18
Durham Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2022-06-28
Madison Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2021-10-06
Madison Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2021-04-11
Madison Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: Mark Shields on 2021-04-08
Onslow Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Jim Petranka and Becky Elkin on 2020-06-19
Madison Co.
Comment: The upper surface of the leaf of Hypericum punctatum with two tentiform mines. 		Recorded by: Jim Petranka and Becky Elkin on 2020-06-19
Madison Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Jim Petranka and Becky Elkin on 2020-06-19
Madison Co.
Comment: A leaf of Hypericum punctatum with two lower surface mines. Note the linear portion that eventually ends in a tentiform mine. See companion photo of the upper surface. 		Recorded by: Jim Petranka and Becky Elkin on 2019-11-04
Transylvania Co.
Comment: A lower-surface mine on Hypericum stragulum. Note the rather faint linear portion with a central frass line on the left that eventually widens into a blotch.
Recorded by: Jim Petranka and Becky Elkin on 2019-11-04
Transylvania Co.
Comment: A view of the upper leaf surface of Hypericum stragulum. Only the blotch portion of the mine is visible from above (see companion photo of the lower surface).		Recorded by: Tracy S. Feldman on 2018-06-12
Wake Co.
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Recorded by: Tracy S. Feldman on 2018-06-12
Wake Co.
Comment: Leaf mines on Hypericum hypericoides.		Recorded by: Tracy S. Feldman on 2018-06-12
Wake Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Tracy S. Feldman on 2016-08-30
Scotland Co.
Comment: A leaf mine on Hypericum hypericoides. The mine typically begins as a linear track that later enlarges to form a blotch. 		Recorded by: Tracy S. Feldman on 2016-08-30
Scotland Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Kyle Kittelberger, Brian Bockhahn on 2014-06-09
Avery Co.
Comment: