Tardigrades of North Carolina
References used in the Tardigrade website
AUTHORNelson, D.R.
YEAR(1975).
TITLEEcological distribution of tardigrades on Roan Mountain, Tennessee-North Carolina.
SOURCEMemorie dell’Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia, 32 Supplement, 225–276.
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3Bartels, P.J. & Nelson, D.R.(2006).A large-scale, multihabitat inventory of the Phylum Tardigrada in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA: A preliminary report.Hydrobiologia, 558 (1), 111–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-005-1405-9
4Bartels, P.J. & Nelson, D.R.(2007).An evaluation of species richness estimators for tardigrades of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee and North Carolina, USA.Journal of Limnology, 66 (Supplement 1), 104–110. https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2007.s1.104
5Bartels, P.J. Nelson, D.R., Kaczmarek, L. & Michalczyk, L. (2011b).Ramazzottius belubellus, a new species of Tardigrada (Eutardigrada: Parachela: Hypsibiidae) from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (North Carolina, USA). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 124 (1), 23–27. https://doi.org/10.2988/10-13.1
6Bartels, P.J., Coffey, D.C., Pineau, M., Kaczmarek, L., Nelson, D.R.(accepted ms).An exploration of autofluorescence in tardigrades (Phylum Tardigrada).ZJLS
7Bartels, P.J., Mormino, C.J. & Nelson, D.R.(2016)Aquatic tardigrades of North Carolina with a new North American record of a lotic tardigrade, Dactylobiotus haplonyx Maucci, 1980 (Eutardigrada).Journal of the North Carolina Academy of Science,132, 26-30.
8Bartels, P.J., Nelson, D.R. & Exline, R.P. (2011a).Allometry and the removal of body size effects in the morphometric analysis of tardigrades.Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 49, 17–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.2010.00593.x
9Bartels, P.J., Nelson, D.R., Kaczmarek, L.(2021).An updated species list for "Smoky Bears": Tardigrades of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA.Zootaxa 4980(2):256-268.
10Bartels, P.J., Nelson, D.R., Kaczmarek, L. & Michalczyk, L. (2007).Doryphoribius smokiensis, a new species of Eutardigrada (Hypsibiidae) from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, TN, USA (North America).Zootaxa, 1646 (1), 56–65. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1646.1.6
11Bartels, P.J., Nelson, D.R., Kaczmarek, L. & Michalczyk, L. (2008).Three new species and one new record of the genus Doryphoribius Pilato, 1969 (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae) from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (Tennessee, USA). Journal of Natural History, 42 (41–42), 2595–2608. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930802357343
12Bartels, P.J., Nelson, D.R., Kaczmarek, L. & Michalczyk, L. (2014).The genus Milnesium (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Milnesiidae) in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (North Carolina and Tennessee, USA), with the description of Milnesium bohleberi sp. nov. Zootaxa, 3826 (2), 356–368. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3826.2.5
13Bartels, P.J., Pilato, G., Lisi, O. & Nelson, D.R. (2009).Macrobiotus (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae) from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee/North Carolina, USA (North America): two new species and six new records.Zootaxa, 2022 (1), 45–57.
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16Bertolani, R., Bartels, P.J., Guidetti, R., Cesari, M. & Nelson, D.R. (2014).Aquatic tardigrades in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, North Carolina and Tennessee, U.S.A., with the description of a new species of Thulinius (Tardigrada, Isohypsibiidae). Zootaxa, 3764 (5), 524–536. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3764.5.2
17Bertolani, R., Marley, N.J. & Nelson, D.R.1999Re-description of the genus Thulinia (Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae) and of Thulinia augusti (Murray, 1907) comb. n. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 238, 139–145.
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21Davison, P.G. (2015a).Directions for instant terrestrial micro-life, e.g. nematodes, rotifers, tardigrades, tree turbellarians, insects, insect eggs, tiny snails, algae, microfungi, and many other forms of life. Paul G. Davison, Feb. 4, 2010 (edited Aug. 31, 2015)Unpublished ms.
22Davison, P.G. (2015b).Baermann PansUnpublished ms.
23Degma, P. & Guidetti, R. 2023Actual checklist of Tardigrada species.DOI: 10.25431/11380_1178608. Accessed 19-Sep-23.
24Dewel, R.A., Joines, J.D. & Bond, J.J.(1985).A new chytridiomycete parasitizing the tardigrade Milnesium tardigradum.Canadian Journal of Botany, 63, 1525–1534.
25Dewel, W.C. & Dewel, R.A.(1987).Study of a moss community containing Milnesium tardigradum parasitized by a chytridiomycetous fungus.In: Bertolani, R. (Ed.), Biology of Tardigrades. Selected Symposia and Monographs U.Z.I., 1, Mucchi Editore, Modena, Italy, pp. 45–56. 
26Erdmann, W & Kaczmarek, L.(2016).Tardigrades in Space Research—Past and Future. Origins of Life and Evolution of Biosphereshttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11084-016-9522-1
27Fontoura, P., Bartels, P. J., Jørgensen, A., Kristensen, R. M., & Hansen, J. G.(2017).A dichotomous key to the genera of the Marine Heterotardigrades (Tardigrada).Zootaxa, 4294(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4294.1.1
28Fujimoto, S., & Hansen, J. G.(2019).Revision of Angursa (Arthrotardigrada: Styraconyxidae) with the description of a new species from Japan.European Journal of Taxonomy, (510).
29Gasiorek & Michalczyk2020Phylogeny of Itaquasconinae in the light of the evolution of the flexible pharyngeal tube in Tardigrada. Zoologica Scripta, 49(4), 499–515. https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12424
30Gasiorek P, Wilamowski A, Voncina K, Michalczyk L. 2022Neotropical jewels in the moss: biodiversity, distribution and evolution of the genus Barbaria (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae).Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: zlab087.
31Gasiorek P., Morek W., Stec D., Blagden B. & Michalczyk L. 2019Revisiting Calohypsibiidae and Microhypsibiidae: Fractonotus Pilato, 1998 and its phylogenetic position within Isohypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela) Zoostyema 41(6):71-89
32Gasiorek, P., Bochnak, M., Voncina, K., & Michalczyk, L.2021Phenotypically exceptional Echiniscus species (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) from Argentina (Neotropics). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 294, 210–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2021.08.003
33Gasiorek, P., Jackson, K. J., Meyer, H. A., Zajac, K., Nelson, D. R., Kristensen, R. M., & Michalczyk, L. 2019Echiniscus virginicus complex: The first case of pseudocryptic allopatry and pantropical distribution in tardigrades. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, blz147. https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz147
34Gasiorek, P., Morek, W., Stec, D., & Michalczyk, L. 2019Untangling the Echiniscus Gordian knot: Paraphyly of the “arctomys group” (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae).Cladistics, cla.12377. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12377
35Gasiorek, P., Oczkowski, A., Blagde, B., Kristensen, R.M., Bartels, P.J., Nelson, D.R., Suzuki, A.C & Michalczyk, L. (2020),.New Asian and Nearctic Hypechiniscus species (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) indicate a pseudocryptic horn of plenty.Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, zlaa110, 59. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa110
36Gasiorek, P., Stec, D., Morek, W. & Michalczyk, L.2019Deceptive conservatism of claws: distinct phyletic lineages concealed within Isohypsibioidea (Eutardigrada) revealed by molecular and morphological evidence.Contributions to Zoology, 88, 78–132.
37Gasiorek, P., Voncina, K., Nelson, D. R., & Michalczyk, L. 2021The importance of being integrative: A remarkable case of synonymy in the genus Viridiscus (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae). Zoological Letters, 7(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40851-021-00181-z
38Gasiorek, P., Voncina, K., Zajac, K. & Michalczyk, L. 2021Phylogeography and morphological evolution of Pseudechiniscus (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae). Scientific Reports 11:7606; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84910-6
39Giovannini, I., Altiero, T., Guidetti, R., & Rebecchi, L.(2018).Will the Antarctic tardigrade Acutuncus antarcticus be able to withstand environmental stresses related to global climate change?The Journal of Experimental Biology, 221(4), jeb160622. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.160622
40Grobys, D., Roszkowska, M., Gawlak, M., Kmita, H., Kepel, A., Kepel, M., Parnikoza, I., Bartylak, T., & Kaczmarek, L.2020High diversity in the Pseudechiniscus suillus–facettalis complex (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) with remarks on the morphology of the genus Pseudechiniscus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 188(3), 733–752. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz171
41Grollmann, M. M., Jørgensen, A., & Møbjerg, N. (2023).Actinarctus doryphorus (Tanarctidae) DNA barcodes and phylogenetic reinvestigation of Arthrotardigrada with new A. doryphorus and Echiniscoididae sequences.Zootaxa, 5284(2), 351–363. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5284.2.7
42Gross, V., Müller, M., Hehn, L., Ferstl, S., Allner, S., Dierolf, M., Achterhold, K., Mayer, G., & Pfeiffer, F.(2019).X-ray imaging of a water bear offers a new look at tardigrade internal anatomy.Zoological Letters, 5(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40851-019-0130-6
43Guidetti, R.1998Two new species of Macrobiotidae (Tardigrada:Eutardigrada) from the United States of America, and some taxonomic considerations of the genus Murrayon.Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 111:663-673.
44Guidetti, R., Cesari, M., Bertolani, R., Altiero, T., & Rebecchi, L.2019High diversity in species, reproductive modes and distribution within the Paramacrobiotus richtersi complex (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae). Zoological Letters, 5(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40851-018-0113-z
45Guidetti, R., Rebecchi, L., Bertolani, R., Jönsson, K. I., Møbjerg Kristensen, R., & Cesari, M. 2016Morphological and molecular analyses on Richtersius (Eutardigrada) diversity reveal its new systematic position and lead to the establishment of a new genus and a new family within Macrobiotoidea. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 178(4), 834–845. https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12428
46Guidetti, R., Schill, R. O., Bertolani, R., Dandekar, T., & Wolf, M. 2009New molecular data for tardigrade phylogeny, with the erection of Paramacrobiotus gen. Nov. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 47(4), 315–321. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.2009.00526.x
47Guil, N., Guidetti, R., Cesari, M., Marchioro, T., Rebecchi, L., & Machordom, A.2022Molecular phylogenetics, speciation, and long distance dispersal in tardigrade evolution: A case study of the genus Milnesium. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 169, 107401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107401
48Hansen & Kristensen.(2020).Tardigrada. In Guide to the Identification of Marine Meiofauna. Ed. A. Schmidt-Rhaesa. Pilato, G & Binda, M.G. , 2010. Definition of families, subfamilies, genera and subgenera of the Eutardigrada, and keys to their identification.Zootaxa 2404:1-54.
49Hansen, J. G., & Kristensen, R. M.2021A new genus and five new species of the subfamily Florarctinae (Tardigrada, Arthrotardigrada).European Journal of Taxonomy, 762. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1461
50Hay, W. P.(1917).A new species of bear-animalcule from the coast of North Carolina.Proceedings of the United States National Museum.
51Higgins, R.P.(1960).Some tardigrades from the Piedmont of North Carolina.Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 76, 29–35.
52Hohl, A. M., Miller, W. R., & Nelson, D. R. (2001).The Distribution of Tardigrades Upwind and Downwindof a Missouri Coal-Burning Power Plant.Zoologischer Anzeiger - A Journal of Comparative Zoology, 240(3–4), 395–401. https://doi.org/10.1078/0044-5231-00047
53Iglesias Briones, M. J., Ineson, P., & Piearce, T. G.(1997).Effects of climate change on soil fauna; responses of enchytraeids, Diptera larvae and tardigrades in a transplant experiment.Applied Soil Ecology, 6(2), 117–134.
54Kaczmarek, ?., Zawierucha, K., Buda, J., Stec, D., Gawlak, M., Michalczyk, ?., & Roszkowska, M. 2018Kaczmarek, ?., Zawierucha, K., Buda, J., Stec, D., Gawlak, M., Michalczyk, ?., & Roszkowska, M. (2018). An integrative redescription of the nominal taxon for the Mesobiotus harmsworthi group (Tardigrada: Macrobiotidae) leads to descriptions of two new Mesobiotus species from Arctic. 43. PLoS ONE13(10): e0204756. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0204756
55Kaczmarek, L & Michalczyk, L 2017The Macrobiotus hufelandi group (Tardigrada) revisited. Zootaxa, 4363(1), 101. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.4
56Kaczmarek, L., & Michalczyk, L. 2009Redescription of Hypsibius microps Thulin, 1928 and H. pallidus Thulin, 1911 (Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae) based on the type material from the Thulin collection.Zootaxa 2275: 60–68
57Kaczmarek, L., & Michalczyk, L. 2010Redescription of Dactylobiotus grandipes (Schuster, Toftner & Grigarick, 1978), the type species for the genus Dactylobiotus (Tardigrada: Macrobiotidae).Wroc?aw, 30 III 2010. Vol. 21(1): 155-162 Wroc?aw, 30
58Kaczmarek, L., & Michalczyk, L.2003Platicrista horribilis, a new species of Tardigrada (Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae) from Mongolia. Zootaxa, 132(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.132.1.1
59Kaczmarek, L., Bartels, P. J., Roszkowska, M., & Nelson, D. R.(2015).The zoogeography of marine Tardigrada. Zootaxa, 4037(1), 1-189.
60Kaczmarek, L., Kayastha, P., Gawlak, M., Mioduchowska, M., & Roszkowska, M.2021An integrative description of Diploechiniscus oihonnae (Richters, 1903) population from near the original type locality in Merok (Norway). Zootaxa, 4964(1), 83–102. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4964.1.4
61Kaczmarek, L., Kayastha, P., Roszkowska, M., Gawlak, M., & Mioduchowska, M. 2022Integrative Redescription of the Minibiotus intermedius (Plate, 1888)—The Type Species of the Genus Minibiotus R.O. Schuster, 1980. Diversity, 14(5), 356. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14050356
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63Kendall-Fite, K., & Nelson, D. R.1996Two new species of tardigrades from Short Mountain, Tennessee, USA. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 116(1–2), 205–214.
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69McGinty, M.M., & Higgins, R.P.(1968).Ontogenetic variation of taxonomic characters of two marine tardigrades with the description of Batillipes bullacaudatus n. sp.Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 252-262.  
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71Meyer, H., Tsaliki, M. & Sorgee, B.2017New water bear records (Phylum Tardigrada) from South Carolina, southeastern USA, with the description of Echiniscus danieli sp. nov. (Heterotardigrada, Echiniscidae, bigranulatus group)PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 130:98-107.
72Momeni, Sogol, Piotr Gasiorek, Jacob Loeffelholz, Stanislava Chtarbanova, Diane R. Nelson, Rebecca Adkins Fletcher, Lukasz Michalczyk, and Jason Pienaar.2023Green armoured tardigrades (Echiniscidae: Viridiscus), including a new species from the Southern Nearctic, exemplify problems with tardigrade variability research.Scientific Reports 13, no. 1 (2023): 16329.
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74Møbjerg Kristensen, R., & Renaud-Mornant, J.(1983).Existence d'arthrotardigrades semi-benthiques de genres nouveaux de la sous-famille des Styraconyxinae subfam. nov.= A new formtype of semi-benthic Arthrotardigrada. Description of two genera and creation of Styraconyxinae (Subfam. nov.).Cahiers de Biologie Marine, (3).
75Nelson, D.R.(1975).Ecological distribution of tardigrades on Roan Mountain, Tennessee-North Carolina.Memorie dell’Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia, 32 Supplement, 225–276.
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77Nelson, D.R. & Bartels, P.J. (2013).Species richness of soil and leaf litter tardigrades in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (North Carolina/Tennessee, USA).Journal of Limnology, 72 (Supplement 1), e18. https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2013.s1.e18
78Nelson, D.R. & McGlothlin, K.L.(1993).A new species of Hypsibius (Phylum Tardigrada) from Roan Mountain, Tennessee, U.S.A.Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 112, 140–144.
79Nelson, D.R., Bartels, P.J. & Fegley, S.R. (2020).Environmental correlates of tardigrade community structure in mosses and lichens in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (Tennessee and North Carolina, USA).Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 188 (3), 913–924. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz043
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82Peluffo, J. R., Rocha, A. M., & de Peluffo, M. M.(2007).Species diversity and morphometrics of tardigrades in a medium-sized city in the Neotropical Region: Santa Rosa(La Pampa, Argentina).Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, 30(1), 43–51.
83Peluffo, M. C. M., Peluffo, J. R., Rocha, A. M., & Doma, I. L.(2006).Tardigrade Distribution in a Medium-sized City of Central Argentina.Hydrobiologia, 558(1), 141–150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-005-1413-9
84Pilato & Binda1997/98A comparison of Diphascon (D.) alpinum Murray, 1906, D.(D.) chilenensis Plate, 1889 and D.(D.) pingue Marcus, 1936 (Tardigrada), and description of a new species.Zool. Anz. 236:181-185.
85Pilato & Binda1999Three new species of Diphascon of the pingue group (Eutardigrada, Hypsibiidae) from Antarctica.Polar Biol. 21:335-342.
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88Pollock, L.1970
89Pollock, L.W.(1979).Angursa bicuspis n.g., n. sp., a marine arthrotardigrade from the Western North Atlantic.Trans. Amer. Micros. Soc. 98(4):558-562.
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91Renaud-Mornant, J.(1980).Description de trois espèces nouvelles du genre Tanarctus Renaud-Debyser, 1959, et création de la sous-famille des Tanarctinae, subfam. nov.(Tardigrada, Heterotardigrada).Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris, 129-141.
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97Santos, E., Rubal, M., Veiga, P., Da Rocha, C. M. C., & Fontoura, P.2018Batillipes (Tardigrada, Arthrotardigrada) from the Portuguese coast with the description of two new species and a new dichotomous key for all species. European Journal of Taxonomy, 425. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2018.425
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