Tardigrades of North Carolina
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Comments
Scientific Name:
Family:
BATILLIPEDIDAE
CALOHYPSIBIIDAE
DORYPHORIBIIDAE
ECHINISCIDAE
EOHYPSIBIIDAE
HALECHINISCIDAE
HYPSIBIIDAE
ISOHYPSIBIIDAE
ITAQUASCONIDAE
MACROBIOTIDAE
MICROHYPSIBIIDAE
MILNESIIDAE
MURRAYIDAE
PILATOBIIDAE
RAMAZZOTTIIDAE
RICHTERSIUSIDAE
STYGARCTIDAE
STYRACONYXIDAE
TANARCTIDAE
Order:
APOCHELA
"ARTHROTARDIGRADES"
ECHINISCOIDEA
PARACHELA
Class:
Heterotardigrada
Eutardigrada
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Murrayidae Members:
Dactylobiotus grandipes
Dactylobiotus haplonyx
Murrayon hastatus
1 NC Records
Dactylobiotus grandipes
(Schuster, Toftner & Grigarick, 1978) - No Common Name
Taxonomy
Class:
Eutardigrada
Order:
Parachela
Family:
Murrayidae
Checklist Number:
1930.0
Synonym:
Dactylobiotus cf. grandipes (See Bartels et al. 2021)
Taxonomic Comments:
This species was re-descdribed by Kaczmarek & Michalczyk 2010.
Species Notes:
Freshwater. Described from NC, TN, NH, and CA. US endemic.
Identification
Online resources:
Online Photographs:
Google
,
GBIF
Species Description:
Body yellow, eyes absent (Fig. 1). Cuticle smooth or slightly wrinkled, without gibbosities, spines or defined sculpture (Fig. 2). An oval papilla between legs III and IV on each side of the body is present (Fig. 3). Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of the Macrobiotus type with ventral lamina and ten peribuccal lamellae (Fig. 4). Peribuccal papulae absent. Mouth antero-ventral. Oral cavity armature consisting of only one (i.e. second) band of teeth (Fig. 5). The first and the third band of teeth absent. The second band of teeth is placed in the posterior portion of the oral cavity. The band is continuous and composed of 4-5 irregular rows of small, dense teeth. Teeth in the shape of round or slightly oval granules/cones (spaces between teeth usually as wide as the teeth themselves). The band is continuous and looks the same on all oral cavity walls. At the end of the buccal tube, triangular pharyngeal apophyses present. Pharyngeal bulb spherical with two rod-shaped macroplacoids, with sharpened edges. Macroplacoids situated very close one to another (Fig. 6). The first macroplacoid longer, with a central constriction, second shorter and with subterminal constriction and terminal projections (i.e. macroplacoid length configuration is 1-2). Microplacoid and septulum absent. Claws of the Dactylobiotus type (configuration 2-1-1-2), similar in size and shape on all legs and with very short basal portions (Fig. 7). Primary branches of claws with small and short accessory points. Lunules are absent, but a robust semilunar cuticular connection between each external and internal claw is present. Claws I-III equal in length, but hind claws clearly larger. Eggs (for measurements see Table 2): Large, laid freely. Spherical or slightly oval, with 52-57 processes on the circumference (Fig. 8). Processes in the shape of short and wide cones (base diameter of each process similar to its height) (Fig. 9). Processes and the surface between them smooth, i.e. no reticulation, granulation or areolation is visible in PCM.
-Kaczmarek & Michalczyk 2010
Body Length:
Up to 714 microns.
Key Characters:
Genus is characterized by extremely long curved primary claw branches, and the claws are joined at the base at their bases. This species differs from others by lack of eyes, lack of third band of teeth, presence of dorso-lateral papilla between legs III & IV, and egg morphology.
Key Character Images
Egg, PC, Kaczmarek & Michalczyk 2010
buccal apparatus, lateral, PC
ID Requirements:
Identifiable only by close inspection of key characters or by DNA analysis.
Distribution in North Carolina
Distribution:
County Map:
Clicking on a county returns the records for the species in that county.
Dates:
High Mountains (HM) ≥ 4,000 ft.
Low Mountains (LM) < 4,000 ft.
Piedmont (Pd)
Coastal Plain (CP)
Click on graph to enlarge
Habitats and Life History
Habitats:
Stream periphyton and sediment.
Abundance:
Common. This species makes up 1.37% of aquatic specimens collected in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
Diet:
Possibly herbivrous or omnivorous.
Reproduction:
Ornamented eggs shed externally.
Observation Methods:
PC, DIC.
Wikipedia
Photo Gallery for
Dactylobiotus grandipes
- No common name
Photos: 11
Recorded by: Bartels on 2001-11-10
Swain Co.
Comment: Habitus, DIC, body partly damaged
Recorded by: Bartels on 2001-11-10
Swain Co.
Comment: Buccal apparatus, DIC
Recorded by: Bartels on 2001-11-10
Swain Co.
Comment: Claws IV, DIC
Recorded by: Bartels on 2001-11-10
Swain Co.
Comment: Drawings of buccal apparatus and claws IV Ramazzotti & Maucci 1983
Recorded by: Bartels on 2001-11-10
Swain Co.
Comment: Buccal apparatus, lateral, PC
Recorded by: Bartels on 2001-11-10
Swain Co.
Comment: Claws, PC
Recorded by: Bartels on 2001-11-10
Swain Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Bartels on 2001-11-10
Swain Co.
Comment: Habitus, PC, Kaczmarek & Michalczyk 2010
Recorded by: Bartels on 2001-11-10
Swain Co.
Comment: Claws IV, PC, Kaczmarek & Michalczyk 2010
Recorded by: Bartels on 2001-11-10
Swain Co.
Comment: Buccal apparatus, PC Kaczmarek & Michalczyk 2010
Recorded by: Bartels on 2001-11-10
Swain Co.
Comment: Eggs, PC, Kaczmarek & Michalczyk 2010