| Author | (Jacq.) C. C. Gmel. | |
| Distribution | This was named as T. arvensis by Weakley (2023 and earlier), but in 2024, he has moved this to Torilis helvetica (see Taxonomic Comments). Mostly in the Piedmont; also Madison County in the Mountains. First collected in 1949 in Montgomery and Stanly counties; most recently 2022 in Anson County.
Native of Europe; in N.A. in the southern US north to PA, MN, NE, WA; also B.C. | |
| Abundance | Very rare to rare. | |
| Habitat | Waste ground by river, roadbank by river, railroad margin, roadside, parking area. | |
| Phenology | Flowering and fruiting May-June. | |
| Identification | Members of Torilis all have hooked prickles on the fruits. In T. helvetica and T. japonica, the umbel rays are well-developed (vs. poorly developed and giving the umbel a compact, head-like look in T. nodosa). From T. japonica, it can be separated by involucral bracts none or one, and spines on the fruit essentially straight with a tiny hook at the tip; the latter species has more than 2 involucral bracts (generally one per ray), and the spines on the fruit are curved but not hooked at the tip. | |
| Taxonomic Comments | "The widely naturalized Torilis in eastern North America is not Torilis arvensis s.s., or Torilis arvensis ssp. arvensis, but Torilis arvensis ssp. recta or (if treated at species rank, as here) Torilis helvetica (Weakley 2024).
| |
| Other Common Name(s) | | |
| State Rank | SE | |
| Global Rank | GNR | |
| State Status | | |
| US Status | | |
| USACE-agcp | | |
| USACE-emp | | |
