| Author | (Hudson) Link | |
| Distribution | Mostly in the Piedmont; also Madison County in the Mountains. First collected in 1949 in Montgomery and Stanly counties; most recently 2022 in Anson County.
Native of Europe; in N.A. in the southern US north to PA, MN, NE, WA; also B.C. | |
| Abundance | Very rare to rare. | |
| Habitat | Waste ground by river, roadbank by river, railroad margin, roadside, parking area. | |
| Phenology | Flowering and fruiting May-June. | |
| Identification | Members of Torilis all have hooked prickles on the fruits. In T. arvensis and T. japonica, the umbel rays are well-developed (vs. poorly developed and giving the umbel a compact, head-like look in T. nodosa). From T. japonica, it can be separated by involucral bracts none or one, and spines on the fruit essentially straight with a tiny hook at the tip; the latter species has more than 2 involucral bracts (generally one per ray), and the spines on the fruit are curved but not hooked at the tip. | |
| Taxonomic Comments | | |
| Other Common Name(s) | | |
| State Rank | SE | |
| Global Rank | GNR | |
| State Status | | |
| US Status | | |
| USACE-agcp | | |
| USACE-emp | | |
