Moths of North Carolina
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Significant Contributors
Scientific Name:
Common Name:
Family (Alpha):
ACROLEPIIDAE-
ADELIDAE-
AMPHISBATIDAE-
AUTOSTICHIDAE-
BATRACHEDRIDAE-
BEDELLIIDAE-
BLASTOBASIDAE-
BOMBYCIDAE-
BUCCULATRICIDAE-
CARPOSINIDAE-
CHOREUTIDAE-
COLEOPHORIDAE-
COSMOPTERIGIDAE-
COSSIDAE-
CRAMBIDAE-
DEPRESSARIIDAE-
DREPANIDAE-
ELACHISTIDAE-
EPERMENIIDAE-
EPIPYROPIDAE-
EREBIDAE-Erebid Moths
ERIOCRANIIDAE-
EUTELIIDAE-
GALACTICIDAE-
GELECHIIDAE-
GEOMETRIDAE-
GLYPHIDOCERIDAE-
GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE-
GRACILLARIIDAE-
HELIOZELIDAE-
HEPIALIDAE-
HYBLAEIDAE-
INCURVARIIDAE-
LASIOCAMPIDAE-
LECITHOCERIDAE-Long-horned Moths
LIMACODIDAE-
LYONETIIDAE-
MEGALOPYGIDAE-Flannel Moths
MICROPTERIGIDAE-
MIMALLONIDAE-
MOMPHIDAE-Mompha Moths
NEPTICULIDAE-
NOCTUIDAE-Owlet Moths
NOLIDAE-
NOTODONTIDAE-
OECOPHORIDAE-
OPOSTEGIDAE-
PELEOPODIDAE-
PLUTELLIDAE-
PRODOXIDAE-
PSYCHIDAE-Bagworm Moths
PTEROPHORIDAE-
PYRALIDAE-
SATURNIIDAE-Saturniids
SCHRECKENSTEINIIDAE-
SESIIDAE-
SPHINGIDAE-Sphinx Moths
THYATIRIDAE-
THYRIDIDAE-
TINEIDAE-
TISCHERIIDAE-
TORTRICIDAE-
URANIIDAE-
URODIDAE-
XYLORYCTIDAE-
YPONOMEUTIDAE-
YPSOLOPHIDAE-
ZYGAENIDAE-
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Tortricidae Members:
Acleris albicomana
Acleris albinivia
Acleris bowmanana
Acleris celiana
Acleris cervinana
Acleris chalybeana
Acleris comandrana
Acleris curvalana
Acleris flavivittana
Acleris forbesana
Acleris hudsoniana
Acleris inana
Acleris maccana
Acleris macdunnoughi
Acleris maculidorsana
Acleris negundana
Acleris nigrolinea
Acleris nivisellana
Acleris placidana
Acleris ptychogrammos
Acleris pulverosana
Acleris robinsoniana
Acleris semipurpurana
Acleris subnivana
Acleris unidentified species
Acleris variana
Acleris viburnana
Adoxophyes furcatana
Adoxophyes negundana
Adoxophyes unidentified species
Aethes angulatana
Aethes angustana
Aethes argentilimitana
Aethes atomosana
Aethes baloghi
Aethes biscana
Aethes fernaldana
Aethes floccosana
Aethes heleniana
Aethes mymara
Aethes new species 1
Aethes new species 2
Aethes new species 3
Aethes new species 4
Aethes obliquana
Aethes patricia
Aethes promptana
Aethes razowskii
Aethes ringsi
Aethes rutilana
Aethes seriatana
Aethes sexdentata
Aethes terriae
Aethes triassumenta
Aethes unidentified species
Amorbia humerosana
Ancylis albacostana
Ancylis brauni
Ancylis burgessiana
Ancylis comptana of authors
Ancylis definitivana
Ancylis diminuatana
Ancylis discigerana
Ancylis divisana
Ancylis fuscociliana
Ancylis goodelliana
Ancylis laciniana
Ancylis metamelana
Ancylis muricana
Ancylis nubeculana
Ancylis platanana
Ancylis semiovana
Ancylis spiraeifoliana
Ancylis subaequana
Ancylis unidentified species
Anopina ednana
Apotomis deceptana
Apotomis removana
Archips argyrospila
Archips dissitana
Archips fervidana
Archips georgiana
Archips grisea
Archips infumatana
Archips magnoliana
Archips nigriplagana
Archips purpurana
Archips rileyana
Archips semiferanus
Archips unidentified species
Argyrotaenia alisellana
Argyrotaenia coloradana
Argyrotaenia floridana
Argyrotaenia hodgesi
Argyrotaenia ivana
Argyrotaenia juglandana
Argyrotaenia kimballi
Argyrotaenia mariana
Argyrotaenia occultana
Argyrotaenia pinatubana
Argyrotaenia quercifoliana
Argyrotaenia tabulana
Argyrotaenia unidentified species
Argyrotaenia velutinana
Aterpia approximana
Atroposia oenotherana
Bactra furfurana
Bactra unidentified species
Bactra verutana
Cagiva cephalanthana
Catastega aceriella
Catastega timidella
Catastega unidentified species
Celypha cespitana of authors
Celypha unidentified species
Cenopis cana
Cenopis chambersana
Cenopis croatanensis
Cenopis diluticostana
Cenopis directana
Cenopis eulongicosta
Cenopis ferreana
Cenopis lamberti
Cenopis niveana
Cenopis pettitana
Cenopis reticulatana
Cenopis saracana
Cenopis unicolorana
Cenopis unidentified species
Chimoptesis gerulae
Chimoptesis n-sp
Chimoptesis pennsylvaniana
Chimoptesis unidentified species
Choristoneura argentifasciata
Choristoneura conflictana
Choristoneura fractivittana
Choristoneura fumiferana
Choristoneura houstonana
Choristoneura obsoletana
Choristoneura parallela
Choristoneura pinus
Choristoneura rosaceana
Choristoneura unidentified species
Clepsis clemensiana
Clepsis listerana
Clepsis melaleucanus
Clepsis peritana
Clepsis persicana
Clepsis unidentified species
Clepsis virescana
Cochylichroa hoffmanana
Cochylichroa hospes
Cochylichroa temerana
Cochylichroa unidentified species
Cochylichroa viscana
Cochylini unidentified species
Cochylis bucera
Cochylis caulocatax
Cochylis unidentified species
Coelostathma discopunctana
Coelostathma placidana
Corticivora chica
Corticivora clarki
Corticivora parva
Corticivora unidentified species
Crocidosema plebejana
Crocidosema unica
Cryptaspasma bipenicilla
Cydia albimaculana
Cydia candana
Cydia caryana
Cydia erotella
Cydia ingens
Cydia lacustrina
Cydia laricana
Cydia latiferreana
Cydia marita
Cydia pomonella
Cydia rana
Cydia toreuta
Cydia unidentified species
Decodes basiplagana
Dichrorampha bittana
Dichrorampha broui
Dichrorampha incanana
Dichrorampha leopardana
Dichrorampha simulana
Ecdytolopha insiticiana
Ecdytolopha mana
Endothenia hebesana
Endothenia infuscata
Endothenia montanana
Endothenia new species
Endothenia nubilana
Epiblema abruptana
Epiblema adusta
Epiblema alba
Epiblema boxcana
Epiblema brightonana
Epiblema carolinana
Epiblema desertana
Epiblema discretivana
Epiblema dorsisuffusana
Epiblema exacerbatricana
Epiblema gibsoni
Epiblema glaseri
Epiblema glenni
Epiblema infelix
Epiblema insidiosana
Epiblema mandana
Epiblema minutana
Epiblema obfuscana
Epiblema obfuscana-desertana
Epiblema otiosana
Epiblema praesumptiosa
Epiblema scudderiana
Epiblema separationis
Epiblema strenuana
Epiblema strenuana_abruptana complex
Epiblema tripartitana
Epiblema unidentified species
Epinotia celtisana
Epinotia lindana
Epinotia medioviridana
Epinotia rectiplicana
Epinotia sotipena
Epinotia transmissana
Epinotia unidentified species
Epinotia vertumnana
Epinotia xandana
Episimus argutana
Episimus tyrius
Episimus unidentified species
Eucopina cocana
Eucopina monitorana
Eucopina tocullionana
Eucosma alabamae
Eucosma ambodaidaleia
Eucosma aquilana
Eucosma argutipunctana
Eucosma autumnana
Eucosma awemeana
Eucosma baggetti
Eucosma essexana
Eucosma floridana
Eucosma formosana
Eucosma giganteana
Eucosma gomonana
Eucosma grindeliana
Eucosma kiscana
Eucosma linitipunctana
Eucosma ochroterminana
Eucosma ornatula
Eucosma paragemellana
Eucosma paregoria
Eucosma parmatana
Eucosma radiatana
Eucosma raracana
Eucosma rusticana
Eucosma sombreana
Eucosma tomonana
Eucosma umbrastriana
Eucosma unidentified species
Eucosmomorpha nearctica
Eugnosta bimaculana
Eugnosta erigeronana
Eugnosta sartana
Eulia ministrana
Eumarozia malachitana
Grapholita delineana
Grapholita eclipsana
Grapholita fana
Grapholita interstinctana
Grapholita molesta
Grapholita packardi
Grapholita prunivora
Grapholita tristrigana
Grapholita unidentified species
Gretchena amatana
Gretchena bolliana
Gretchena concitatricana
Gretchena concubitana
Gretchena delicatana
Gretchena deludana
Gretchena nymphana
Gretchena unidentified species
Gretchena watchungana
Gymnandrosoma punctidiscanum
Gypsonoma fasciolana
Gypsonoma salicicolana
Gypsonoma unidentified species
Hedya chionosema
Hedya separatana
Hendecaneura shawiana
Henricus edwardsiana
Hulda impudens
Larisa subsolana
Lorita baccharivora
Lorita scarificata
Notocelia lobana
Notocelia rosaecolana
Olethreutes appalachiana
Olethreutes appendiceum
Olethreutes astrologana
Olethreutes auricapitana
Olethreutes baccatanum
Olethreutes brunneopurpurata
Olethreutes concinnana
Olethreutes connectum
Olethreutes coruscana
Olethreutes corylana
Olethreutes exoletum
Olethreutes fasciatana
Olethreutes ferriferana
Olethreutes ferrolineana
Olethreutes furfuranum
Olethreutes griseoalbana
Olethreutes hamameliana
Olethreutes hippocastanum
Olethreutes inornatana
Olethreutes lacunanum
Olethreutes malana
Olethreutes monetiferanum
Olethreutes new species near appendiceum (CP-2)
Olethreutes new species near permundana
Olethreutes nigranum
Olethreutes nitidana
Olethreutes ochrosuffusanum
Olethreutes osmundana
Olethreutes permundana
Olethreutes permundana complex
Olethreutes sciotana
Olethreutes sericoranum
Olethreutes tilianum
Olethreutes unidentified species
Olethreutes valdanum
Olethreutes viburnanum
Olethreutinae unidentified species
Orthotaenia undulana
Pammene felicitana
Pandemis lamprosana
Pandemis limitata
Pandemis unidentified species
Paralobesia crispans
Paralobesia cyclopiana
Paralobesia cypripediana
Paralobesia dividuana
Paralobesia liriodendrana
Paralobesia magnoliana
Paralobesia monotropana
Paralobesia new species 1
Paralobesia palliolana
Paralobesia parsaura
Paralobesia piperae
Paralobesia unidentified species
Paralobesia viteana
Paralobesia yaracana
Pelochrista adamantana
Pelochrista argentialbana
Pelochrista cataclystiana
Pelochrista comatulana
Pelochrista derelicta
Pelochrista dorsisignatana
Pelochrista fiskeana
Pelochrista fratruelis
Pelochrista fraudabilis
Pelochrista galenapunctana
Pelochrista graciliana
Pelochrista guttulana
Pelochrista kimballi
Pelochrista milleri
Pelochrista nandana
Pelochrista oraria
Pelochrista pallidipalpana
Pelochrista quinquemaculana
Pelochrista robinsonana
Pelochrista similiana
Pelochrista sullivani
Pelochrista unidentified species
Pelochrista vagana
Pelochrista wandana
Pelochrista zomonana
Phaecasiophora confixana
Phaecasiophora inspersa
Phaecasiophora niveiguttana
Phaecasiophora unidentified species
Phalonidia lepidana
Phalonidia unidentified species
Phiaris glaciana
Phtheochroa baracana
Phtheochroa birdana
Phtheochroa terminana
Phtheochroa unidentified species
Platphalonidia lavana
Platphalonidia magdalenae
Platphalonidia unidentified species
Platynota exasperatana
Platynota flavedana
Platynota idaeusalis
Platynota rostrana
Platynota semiustana
Platynota stultana
Platynota unidentified species
Pristerognatha agilana
Proteoteras aesculana
Proteoteras crescentana
Proteoteras moffatiana
Proteoteras naracana
Proteoteras obnigrana
Proteoteras unidentified species
Proteoteras willingana
Pseudexentera costomaculana
Pseudexentera cressoniana
Pseudexentera faracana
Pseudexentera haracana
Pseudexentera hodsoni
Pseudexentera kalmiana
Pseudexentera mali
Pseudexentera maracana
Pseudexentera sepia
Pseudexentera spoliana
Pseudexentera unidentified species
Pseudexentera vaccinii
Pseudexentera virginiana
Pseudogalleria inimicella
Retinia comstockiana
Retinia gemistrigulana
Retinia houseri
Retinia unidentified species
Retinia virginiana
Rhopobota dietziana
Rhopobota finitimana
Rhopobota naevana
Rhopobota unidentified species
Rhyacionia adana
Rhyacionia aktita
Rhyacionia busckana
Rhyacionia frustrana
Rhyacionia granti
Rhyacionia rigidana
Rhyacionia unidentified species
Rudenia leguminana
Satronia tantilla
Sereda tautana
Sonia canadana
Sonia divaricata
Sonia paraplesiana
Sonia unidentified species
Sparganothis bistriata
Sparganothis caryae
Sparganothis distincta
Sparganothis mcguinnessi
Sparganothis niteolinea
Sparganothis sulfureana
Sparganothis tristriata
Sparganothis unidentified species
Sparganothis xanthoides
Sparganothoides lentiginosana
Spilonota ocellana
Spinipogon resthavenensis
Strepsicrates smithiana
Suleima helianthana
Suleima unidentified species
Syllonoma longipalpana
Syndemis afflictana
Talponia plummeriana
Taniva albolineana
Thaumatographa jonesi
Thyraylia bunteana
Thyraylia hollandana
Thyraylia hollandana species complex
Thyraylia nana
Thyraylia unidentified species
Thyraylia voxcana
Thyraylia wiscana
Xenotemna pallorana
Zeiraphera claypoleana
Zomaria interruptolineana
Zomaria rosaochreana
Proteoteras
Members:
Proteoteras aesculana
Proteoteras crescentana
Proteoteras moffatiana
Proteoteras naracana
Proteoteras obnigrana
Proteoteras unidentified species
Proteoteras willingana
4 NC Records
Proteoteras willingana
(Kearfott, 1904) - Eastern Boxelder Twig Borer Moth
No image for this species.
Taxonomy
Superfamily:
Tortricoidea
Family:
Tortricidae
Subfamily:
Olethreutinae
Tribe:
Eucosmini
P3 Number:
621135.00
MONA Number:
3232.00
Identification
Field Guide Descriptions:
Online Photographs:
MPG
,
BugGuide
,
iNaturalist
,
Google
,
BAMONA
,
GBIF
,
BOLD
Adult Markings:
This is a rather non-descript species of
Proteoteras
. The head, thorax, palps, antenna and ground color of the forewing are more or less concolorous and vary from very light tan or pale brownish-fuscous. The forewing ground is overlaid with irregular groupings of blackish brown scales that can appear as small spots or very short, irregular lines. The head is rough-scaly and the thorax is smooth. The hindwing is pale smoky gray to fuscous.
Wingspan:
15-25 mm (Soloman, 1995)
Adult Structural Features:
Wong et al. (1983) provide illustrations of the male genitalia and female sternite 7. Males have black scaling along the costa on both surfaces of the hindwing and along the costa on the ventral surface (Gilligan et al., 2008).
Immatures and Development:
Peterson (1958) conducted a detailed study of the larval life history of
Proteoteras willingana
in Saskatchewan. Later studies indicate that Peterson's study may have possibly involved two closely related species (
P. willingana
; P. crescentana) that both use Box-elder and appear to have identical larval life histories, although this has not been proven definitively (Wong et al., 1983). The following account of Peterson's study presumably applies to both species well.
The females lay their eggs singly on the undersides of Box-elder leaves following the spring leaf-out and the hatchlings appear in July. The first three instars construct a silk shelter on the leaf surface that is usually near the midvein or a lateral vein then skeletonize the tissues within or adjoining the shelter. At the end of the third instar in late-July or early August, the larva leaves its shelter and bores into the base of the leaf petiole or between the petiole and the stem and enters a leaf bud where it hollows out a hibernation chamber. The hibernation chamber occasionally extends partly or entirely into the stem next to the bud and the larva molts to the fourth instar inside it. The winter is passed in a silken cocoon spun inside the hibernation chamber.
During the spring warm-up, the larva leaves the hibernation cell and burrows into and feeds on a healthy bud on the same stem where it forms another chamber. After a few days the larva vacates the bud and bores into the current tip growth of a twig. During this period it feeds and burrows extensively to produce a much larger chamber that may exceed 2.5 cm in length and swell to produce a spindle-shaped gall-like structure. In late May and June, the mature larva drops to the ground, spins a cocoon in the leaf-litter and pupates. The adult typically emerges 2-3 weeks later.
Distribution in North Carolina
Distribution:
Proteoteras willingana
has a broad range that includes much of the eastern two-thirds of southern Canada. In the US the range extends from the New England states westward through the Great Lakes region to Minnesota and eastern Nebraska, and southward to North Carolina, Tennessee, and Oklahoma. As of 2022, we have only a few scattered records from the Piedmont and lower elevations in the Piedmont.
County Map:
Clicking on a county returns the records for the species in that county.
Flight Dates:
High Mountains (HM) ≥ 4,000 ft.
Low Mountains (LM) < 4,000 ft.
Piedmont (Pd)
Coastal Plain (CP)
Click on graph to enlarge
Flight Comments:
Local populations are univoltine throughout the range. The adults have been observed from February-August, but the great majority fly from May through July. As of 2022, our limited records are from mid-May through mid-July.
Habitats and Life History
Habitats:
This species is strongly dependent on Box-elder (
Acer negundo
) as a host and local populations are typically found in bottomland forests, streamside habitats, and in mesic hardwoods, particularly where roads or other openings provide partially shaded microhabitats. As of 2022, three of our records come from bottomlands and one from a stand of mesic hardwoods on a ridgetop.
Larval Host Plants:
The larvae appear to be monophagous on Box-elder (Forbes, 1923; Heinrich, 1923; Peterson, 1958; Wong et al., 1983; Miller, 1987; Godfrey et al., 1987;Brown et al., 2008; Lam et al., 2011). There is one questionable report of them using a Red Maple (
A. rubrum
; Grehan et al., 1995). -
View
Wikipedia
See also Habitat Account for
Rich Wet Hardwood Forests
Status in North Carolina
Natural Heritage Program Status:
Natural Heritage Program Ranks:
GNR S2S4
State Protection:
Comments:
Photo Gallery for
Proteoteras willingana
- Eastern Boxelder Twig Borer Moth
Photos: 1
Recorded by: Darryl Willis on 2016-05-25
Cabarrus Co.
Comment: