Moths of North Carolina
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198 NC Records

Psilocorsis reflexella Clemens, 1860 - Dotted Leaftier Moth

Psilocorsis reflexellaPsilocorsis reflexellaPsilocorsis reflexellaPsilocorsis reflexella
Taxonomy
Superfamily: Gelechioidea Family: DepressariidaeSubfamily: [Amphisbatinae]Tribe: [Amphisbatini]P3 Number: 59a0261 MONA Number: 957.00
Comments: Psilocorsis is a small genus with around 15 described species and several undescribed forms. They range from southeastern Canada to northern South America, but appear to be absent from the West Coast (Hodges, 1974). Seven species occur in North America north of Mexico (Pohl et al., 2016), three of which have been recorded in North Carolina.
Species Status: Hodges (1974) synonomized several forms which were treated as distinct species by Forbes (1923), Clarke (1941) and others with Psilocorsis reflexella. These included P. ferruginosa, P. fletcherella and P. caryae.
Identification
Field Guide Descriptions: Covell (1984); Beadle and Leckie (2012); Leckie and Beadle, 2018Online Resources: MPG, BugGuide, iNaturalist, Google, BAMONA, GBIF, BOLDTechnical Description, Adults: Clarke (1941); Hodges (1974)Technical Description, Immature Stages: Hodges (1974)                                                                                 
Adult Markings: The head is ferruginous-brown and the labial palp is light ochreous with dark stripes. The second segment has some fuscous shading exteriorly. The thorax and forewing are ochreous and sometimes strongly overlaid and mottled with reddish fuscous. The inner and outer discal spots are usually ill defined and blackish fuscous. The terminal row of spots (adterminal line) is smaller than those of our other Psilocorsis species, and is sometimes not readily evident. The cilia are yellowish fuscous with a dark subbasal band. The hindwing and cilia are yellowish fuscous, and the cilia have a dark subbasal line. The legs are whitish ochreous and suffused with dull fuscous, while the abdomen is fuscous above and whitish ochreous beneath. Psilocorsis reflexella varies substantially in coloration and patterning. It usually has a darker ground color, but some of our individuals have a paler ground color and lack the dark mottling or striae typical of this genus.

This species is most similar to P. quercicella but is much larger. Two small discal spots are usually evident, and the diffuse dark shading that extends from the middle of the wing to the inner margin is usually greatly reduced relative to that seen in P. quercicella. The fringe of P. reflexella is lighter, and the basal band in the fringe is rather faint, versus blackish and more conspicuous in P. quercicella. It also has a more poorly marked adterminal line compared with that of P. quercicella. Specimens that are light colored and weakly marked superficially resemble Machimia tentoriferella. The labial palps offer an easy way to distinguish between these two. In Psilocorsis the palps are smooth-scaled, slender, strongly recurved and reach back to the prothorax. In M. tentoriferella they are rougher-scaled, particularly the second segment, and shorter. Machimia also has a black mark at the posterior edge of the thorax, and the subbasal band on the cilia is absent.
Wingspan: 18-25 mm (Forbes, 1923; Clarke, 1941; Hodges, 1961)
Forewing Length: 6-11 mm (Forbes, 1974)
Adult Structural Features: Clarke (1941) provides detailed descriptions of the male and female genitalia, and Clarke (1941) and Forbes (1974) provide illustrations. In female P. reflexella the ductus bursae is dilated before the ostium, while in P. quercicella it is not. In male P. reflexella the first abdominal segment lacks the hair pencil that is present in P. quercicella and P. cryptolechiella.
Adult ID Requirements: Identifiable from good quality photos of unworn specimens.
Immatures and Development: The larvae are leaftiers that bind two overlapping leaves together with silk and skeletonizes the tissues. In Missouri, oviposition occurs from May through August and larval development from June through October (Marquis et al., 2019). The final instar larvae eventually drop to the ground and pupate in the leaf litter. The larvae are light yellowish green and have a jet-black head and blackish first thoracic segment (Forbes, 1923). They can be distinguished from other eastern Psilocorsis species by the frontal area, which extends only one-half the distance to the epicranial notch (Marquis et al., 2019).
Larvae ID Requirements: Identifiable from close inspection of specimens or by DNA analysis.
Distribution in North Carolina
Distribution: Psilocorsis reflexella is broadly distributed across the eastern US, and in southern Canada from Saskatchewan eastward to Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. Populations in the US occur as far west as Minnesota, Iowa, and Oklahoma, and as far south as the Gulf Coastal region and southern Florida. This species occurs statewide in North Carolina. It is well represented in all three physiographic provinces, including at both lower and higher elevations in the mountains.
County Map: Clicking on a county returns the records for the species in that county.
Flight Dates:
 High Mountains (HM) ≥ 4,000 ft.
 Low Mountains (LM) < 4,000 ft.
 Piedmont (Pd)
 Coastal Plain (CP)

Click on graph to enlarge
Flight Comments: Adults have been recorded between February and October in different areas of the range, with peak seasonal activity from April through August. As of 2020, our records extends from early April through August, with one record in December. Hodges (1974) noted that most populations appear to be single brooded, but our data suggest that Piedmont populations may be bivoltine.
Habitats and Life History
Habitats: The larvae are polyphagous and require hardwoods as hosts. Our records come from wooded residential neighborhoods as well as more natural habitats such as upland hardwood slopes in the mountains. Local populations can be expected in a variety of other habitats that support hardwoods, including bottomland forests in coastal regions.
Larval Host Plants: Larvae feed on a wide range of hardwood trees and shrubs, including maples, birches, hickories, hazelnuts, beech, poplars, willows, basswoods and oaks (Forbes, 1974; Robinson et al., 2010; Marquis et al., 2019). Some of the specific hosts include Yellow Birch (Betula alleghaniensis), Paper Birch (B. papyrifera), Pecan (Carya illinoinensis), Shagbark Hickory (Carya ovata), Balsam Poplar (Populus balsamifera), Bigtooth Aspen (P. grandidentata), Quaking Aspen (P. tremuloides), American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) and American Basswood (Tilia americana). Oaks that are used include White Oak (Quercus alba), Chinquapin Oak (Q. muehlenbergii), Pin Oak (Q. palustris), Post Oak (Q. stellata), Black Oak (Q. velutina) and Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra). - View
Observation Methods: The adults are attracted to lights. We need data on host use in North Carolina, and encourage naturalists to search for the larvae and document the larval ecology.
Wikipedia
See also Habitat Account for General Hardwood Forests
Status in North Carolina
Natural Heritage Program Status:
Natural Heritage Program Ranks: GNR S4S5
State Protection: Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.
Comments: Populations are common and appear to be secure in the Piedmont and mountains. The status of Coastal Plain populations is less certain.

 Photo Gallery for Psilocorsis reflexella - Dotted Leaftier Moth

140 photos are available. Only the most recent 30 are shown.

Recorded by: David George, Jeff Niznik, Kevin Bischof on 2024-08-07
Transylvania Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: David George, Jeff Niznik on 2024-08-06
Transylvania Co.
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Recorded by: David George, Jeff Niznik on 2024-08-05
Transylvania Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: David George, Jeff Niznik on 2024-08-05
Transylvania Co.
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Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2024-07-25
Madison Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: B. Bockhahn on 2024-07-14
Macon Co.
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Recorded by: David George, Jeff Niznik, Stephen Dunn on 2024-06-29
Chatham Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: David George, Stephen Dunn, Jeff Niznik, Patrick Coin on 2024-06-22
Chatham Co.
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Recorded by: John Petranka on 2024-06-20
Watauga Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2024-06-16
Madison Co.
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Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2024-06-12
Madison Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: Jim Petranka and Becky Elkin on 2024-06-03
Madison Co.
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Recorded by: Dean Furbish on 2024-06-02
Wake Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: David George, Jeff Niznik on 2024-06-01
Chatham Co.
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Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2024-05-28
Madison Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: David George, Jeff Niznik on 2024-05-25
Chatham Co.
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Recorded by: David George, Jeff Niznik on 2024-05-25
Chatham Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: David George, Jeff Niznik on 2024-05-25
Chatham Co.
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Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2024-05-20
Madison Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: Jim Petranka, Mark Basinger and Becky Elkin on 2024-05-16
Buncombe Co.
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Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2024-05-14
Madison Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: David George, Rich Teper on 2024-05-13
Chatham Co.
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Recorded by: Jeff Niznik on 2024-05-13
Madison Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: Emily Stanley on 2024-05-08
Buncombe Co.
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Recorded by: Mark Basinger on 2024-05-07
Wilson Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2024-05-05
Madison Co.
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Recorded by: David George, Jeff Niznik on 2024-04-29
Chatham Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: David George, Stephen Dunn, Jeff Niznik on 2024-04-29
Chatham Co.
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Recorded by: David George, Stephen Dunn, Jeff Niznik on 2024-04-29
Chatham Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2024-04-15
Madison Co.
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