Moths of North Carolina
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68 NC Records

Ethmia zelleriella (Chambers, 1878) - Zeller's Ethmia Moth

Ethmia zelleriellaEthmia zelleriellaEthmia zelleriellaEthmia zelleriella
Taxonomy
Superfamily: Gelechioidea Family: DepressariidaeSubfamily: EthmiinaeTribe: [Ethmiini]P3 Number: 59a0199 MONA Number: 992.00
Comments: Ethmia is a large genus of small moths, with over 125 species occurring in the New World, and around 240 species worldwide. North America has 52 species, but only five occur east of the Mississippi River (Powell, 1973).
Identification
Field Guide Descriptions: Covell (1984); Beadle and Leckie (2012)Online Resources: MPG, BugGuide, iNaturalist, Google, BAMONA, GBIF, BOLDTechnical Description, Adults: Powell (1973).Technical Description, Immature Stages: Dyar (1904) and Braun (1925).                                                                                 
Adult Markings: The labial palp is dark gray basally, more whitish on the distal half, and lacks distinct color bands. The antenna is grayish and somewhat whiter near the base. The occipital tufts are white laterally and black in the middle. The thorax is white with four black spots, and the forewing is white with a series of elongated black spots and streaks that are more or less evenly distributed over the wing. There are two conspicuous black streaks in the basal and distal half of the cell, followed by a third smaller streak near the apex. Between these and the costa there is a second series of two or three smaller streaks. Below the inner margin there are 6-8 elongated black spots. At the wing terminus there is a row of small submarginal black spots that begin well before the apex and extend to beyond the tornus. The fringe is white. The hindwing is white basally, but becomes pale brownish towards the apex. The legs are yellowish-orange with black banding, and the abdomen has a yellowish-orange wash in places. This species superficially resembles E. zelleriella, but the latter lacks the yellowish-orange coloration on the legs and abdomen. It also has fewer spots below the inner margin (typically < 6 compared with 6-8 for E. zelleriella).
Forewing Length: Males: 10.7-11.8 mm; females 10.4-12.0 mm (Powell, 1973).
Adult Structural Features: Powell (1973) has illustrations of the male and female genitalia.
Adult ID Requirements: Identifiable from good quality photos of unworn specimens.
Immatures and Development: There are surprisingly few observations or photographs of the larvae. The larvae live solitarily on the leaves of Phacelia and often feed exposed on the upper sides of leaves. Braun (1925) found late-instar larvae near Cincinnati in mid-August that built tubular webs where the final molt occurred. The mature larvae are colorful, with a chrome yellow background color that is overlain with velvety black spots and bluish black stripes and bands. The third thoracic segment and the anterior half of the first abdominal segment are black, and a median black longitudinal band extends down the length of the body (see Braun for a detailed description). Prior to pupating, the larva leaves the host plant and tunnels into soft bark or similar substrates where it produces a hard cocoon and overwinters. The adults emerge in April.
Larvae ID Requirements: Identifiable from good quality photos, especially where associated with known host plants.
Distribution in North Carolina
Distribution: Ethmia zelleriella is found in eastern North America, including southern Canada (Quebec; Ontario) and portions of the eastern US from the New England states westward to North Dakota, and southward to Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas. Local populations are associated with areas with circumneutral soils that harbor the host plants, and are generally absent from much of the southeastern US. Ethmia zelleriella occurs sporadically throughout western NC depending on the presence of its host plants. It has not been found east of the Blue Ridge even though one of its host species (P. dubia) is patchily distributed throughout the Piedmont and Coastal Plain.
County Map: Clicking on a county returns the records for the species in that county.
Flight Dates:
 High Mountains (HM) ≥ 4,000 ft.
 Low Mountains (LM) < 4,000 ft.
 Piedmont (Pd)
 Coastal Plain (CP)

Click on graph to enlarge
Flight Comments: Adults have been found from March through September, with peak activity in May and June. As of 2020, our records for adults extend from early April through early September, with a peak from mid-April to mid-May. The presence of a second smaller group in July suggests that there are two broods per year.
Habitats and Life History
Habitats: This species is restricted to habitats where the host plants occur. Phacelia bipinnatifida is primarily found on moist rock outcrops and in rocky, mesic forests, while P. dubia is most common in alluvial floodplains, on moist slopes, and along moist road banks with sparse vegetation. Our native Phacelia species are either winter annuals or biennials and generally thrive in microhabitats with thin leaf-litter or bare soil that facilitates seed germination. P. dubia often increases in number for a year or two following low-intensity surface fires.
Larval Host Plants: Although Fernleaf Phacelia (Phacelia bipinnatifida) and Small-flower Phacelia (P. dubia) are the only known host species (Forbes, 1923; BugGuide - Charlie Eiseman), E. zelleriella may possibly use two other species (P. fimbriata and P. purshii) that are closely related to P. dubia. - View
Observation Methods: Is attracted to UV lights.
Wikipedia
Status in North Carolina
Natural Heritage Program Status:
Natural Heritage Program Ranks: GNR [S2S3]
State Protection: Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands.
Comments: The host plants for this species are considered to be rare or uncommon in NC (S3 rank for both P. bipinnatifida and P. dubia), and Ethmia zelleriella is susceptible to local extinctions when Phacelia populations are lost.

 Photo Gallery for Ethmia zelleriella - Zeller's Ethmia Moth

63 photos are available. Only the most recent 30 are shown.

Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2024-08-03
Madison Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: Mark Basinger on 2024-05-14
Buncombe Co.
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Recorded by: Mark Basinger on 2024-05-14
Buncombe Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: Jeff Niznik on 2024-05-12
Madison Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2024-05-05
Madison Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: tom ward on 2024-05-02
Buncombe Co.
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Recorded by: Jim Petranka and Becky Elkin on 2024-05-01
Madison Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2024-04-29
Madison Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Emily Stanley on 2024-04-18
Buncombe Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2024-04-14
Madison Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2024-04-01
Madison Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2023-05-08
Madison Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2023-04-21
Madison Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2023-04-15
Madison Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2023-04-04
Madison Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2023-03-25
Madison Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: tom ward on 2022-07-27
Buncombe Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2022-07-15
Madison Co.
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Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2022-07-09
Madison Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: Erich Hofmann on 2022-06-16
Buncombe Co.
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Recorded by: tom ward on 2022-06-07
Buncombe Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: tom ward on 2022-06-02
Buncombe Co.
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Recorded by: tom ward on 2022-05-31
Buncombe Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: Vin Stanton on 2022-05-21
Buncombe Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: tom ward on 2022-05-19
Buncombe Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: tom ward on 2022-05-16
Buncombe Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: tom ward on 2022-05-15
Buncombe Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2022-05-09
Madison Co.
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Recorded by: tom ward on 2022-05-04
Buncombe Co.
Comment: 		Recorded by: tom ward on 2022-05-02
Buncombe Co.
Comment: