Moths of North Carolina
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Phyllonorycter Members:
2 NC Records

Phyllonorycter albanotella (Chambers, 1875) - Marginal Tentiform Oak Leafminer

Phyllonorycter albanotellaPhyllonorycter albanotella
view caption 		Phyllonorycter albanotella
view caption
Taxonomy
Superfamily: Gracillarioidea Family: GracillariidaeSubfamily: LithocolletinaeP3 Number: 33a0291 MONA Number: 727.00
Comments: Phyllonorycter is a genus of small and often colorful moths, with 79 described species in North America. The larvae of most form underside tentiform mines on woody plants and pupate within the mines.
Identification
Field Guide Descriptions: Online Resources: MPG, BugGuide, iNaturalist, Google, BAMONA, GBIF, BOLDTechnical Description, Adults: Braun, 1908.                                                                                 
Adult Markings: The following description is based on Braun (1908). The antenna is white with a dark brown tip. The face and palpi are shining snow-white, and the tuft is white with intermixed pale yellowish brown scales. The thorax is shining white. The forewing is predominately white in the basal half, and pale golden brown in the apical half. In this description the ground color is considered to be pale golden brown, while the white is the forewing streaks. There is a broad white streak near the median area that extends from the wing base to about one-half of the wing length and tapers near the tip. This streak has a black margin on the costal side that extends to the base. The golden brown ground color parallels the black margin and extends towards the costa. At the basal third of the wing there is an oblique costal streak with an internal black margin that extends along the costa towards the base. Opposite the apex of this costal streak is the apex of the first dorsal streak, which has a black margin internally. This streak continues as an oblique broad white band along the dorsal margin towards the base. Near the base, it is confluent with the median basal streak, leaving only a narrow streak of the ground color between the two. In the apical half of the wing, there are three costal and one or two dorsal streaks. The second costal and dorsal streaks are opposite each other. These sometimes meet, and their oblique dark internal (anterior) margins often unite in the middle of the wing. The third and fourth costal streaks are nearly perpendicular, and the fourth is sometimes unmargined. The third costal streak is opposite the third dorsal streak, which is often small or indicated only by its dark margin. There is a black apical spot with a few silvery scales before it. A dark marginal line is present in the cilia, which are pale golden around the apex, with a gray streak below the fourth costal streak. The cilia shade to grayish white toward the tornus. The hindwings and cilia are pale grayish ocherous in the male, and even more ocherous in the female. The legs and tarsi whitish gray, except the first pair, which are fuscous on their anterior edges. Phyllonorycter albanotella resembles P. obscuricostella and is most easily distinguished from P. obscuricostella by the shining snow-white coloration of the thorax and forewings (much duller with a light brownish infusion in the latter).
Wingspan: 6-7.5 mm (Braun, 1908)
Adult ID Requirements: Identifiable from good quality photos of unworn specimens.
Immatures and Development: The larvae produce small tentiform mines on the undersides of oak leaves. These are typically placed either at the edge of the leaf or between two veins. The mature mines have numerous longitudinal wrinkles in the lower epidermis (Braun, 1908; Eiseman, 2019). The pupa is enclosed in a semitransparent, ovoid silken cocoon. Three mines that were examined by Eiseman (2019) measured 12–12.5 mm by 4.5–5 mm, and the frass was collected into either an oval ball or an elongated patch.
Distribution in North Carolina
Distribution: Phyllonorycter albanotella occurs in scattered populations from Ontario, Quebec, and the northeastern US, southward and westward to Illinois, Ohio, Kentucky, North Carolina, and Texas (Eiseman, 2019). As of 2020, we have only one record for North Carolina.
County Map: Clicking on a county returns the records for the species in that county.
Flight Dates:
 High Mountains (HM) ≥ 4,000 ft.
 Low Mountains (LM) < 4,000 ft.
 Piedmont (Pd)
 Coastal Plain (CP)

Click on graph to enlarge
Immature Dates:
 High Mountains (HM) ≥ 4,000 ft.
 Low Mountains (LM) < 4,000 ft.
 Piedmont (Pd)
 Coastal Plain (CP)

Click on graph to enlarge
Flight Comments: The flight season is poorly documented due to the scarcity of reliable records for this species.
Habitats and Life History
Habitats: The larvae mine the leaves of oaks and are generally associated with wet to mesic hardwood forests with the host plants.
Larval Host Plants: The known hosts include White Oak (Q. alba), Swamp White Oak (Q. bicolor), Bur Oak (Q. macrocarpa), Swamp Chestnut Oak (Q. michauxii), and Water Oak (Q. nigra). - View
Observation Methods: The adults appear to rarely visit UV lights and are best obtained by rearing them from the mines on oaks.
Wikipedia
See also Habitat Account for General Wet-Mesic Hardwood Forests
Status in North Carolina
Natural Heritage Program Status:
Natural Heritage Program Ranks: GNR S1S3
State Protection:
Comments: We currently do not have sufficient data on the distribution and abundance of this species within the state to accurately assess its conservation status.

 Photo Gallery for Phyllonorycter albanotella - Marginal Tentiform Oak Leafminer

Photos: 3

Recorded by: Tracy S. Feldman and Charley Eiseman on 2017-07-17
Durham Co.
Comment: An adult that emerged from a mine that was collected on 2017-07-10 (see companion photos of the mines). Photo by Charley Eiseman. 		Recorded by: Tracy S. Feldman on 2017-07-10
Durham Co.
Comment: A view of the upper leaf surface of Quercus michauxii with two lower surface tentiform mines.
Recorded by: Tracy S. Feldman on 2017-07-10
Durham Co.
Comment: A view of the lower surface of Quercus michauxii leaves with two lower surface tentiform mines (see companion photo of an adult that emerged from one of these on 2017-07-17).