Moths of North Carolina
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Significant Contributors
Scientific Name:
Common Name:
Family (Alpha):
ACROLEPIIDAE-
ADELIDAE-
AMPHISBATIDAE-
AUTOSTICHIDAE-
BATRACHEDRIDAE-
BEDELLIIDAE-
BLASTOBASIDAE-
BOMBYCIDAE-
BUCCULATRICIDAE-
CARPOSINIDAE-
CHOREUTIDAE-
COLEOPHORIDAE-
COSMOPTERIGIDAE-
COSSIDAE-
CRAMBIDAE-
DEPRESSARIIDAE-
DREPANIDAE-
ELACHISTIDAE-
EPERMENIIDAE-
EPIPYROPIDAE-
EREBIDAE-Erebid Moths
ERIOCRANIIDAE-
EUTELIIDAE-
GALACTICIDAE-
GELECHIIDAE-
GEOMETRIDAE-
GLYPHIDOCERIDAE-
GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE-
GRACILLARIIDAE-
HELIOZELIDAE-
HEPIALIDAE-
HYBLAEIDAE-
INCURVARIIDAE-
LASIOCAMPIDAE-
LECITHOCERIDAE-Long-horned Moths
LIMACODIDAE-
LYONETIIDAE-
MEGALOPYGIDAE-Flannel Moths
MICROPTERIGIDAE-
MIMALLONIDAE-
MOMPHIDAE-Mompha Moths
NEPTICULIDAE-
NOCTUIDAE-Owlet Moths
NOLIDAE-
NOTODONTIDAE-
OECOPHORIDAE-
OPOSTEGIDAE-
PELEOPODIDAE-
PLUTELLIDAE-
PRODOXIDAE-
PSYCHIDAE-Bagworm Moths
PTEROPHORIDAE-
PYRALIDAE-
SATURNIIDAE-Saturniids
SCHRECKENSTEINIIDAE-
SESIIDAE-
SPHINGIDAE-Sphinx Moths
THYATIRIDAE-
THYRIDIDAE-
TINEIDAE-
TISCHERIIDAE-
TORTRICIDAE-
URANIIDAE-
URODIDAE-
XYLORYCTIDAE-
YPONOMEUTIDAE-
YPSOLOPHIDAE-
ZYGAENIDAE-
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Gracillariidae Members:
Acrocercops albinatella
Acrocercops astericola
Acrocercops unidentified species
Anarsioses aberrans
Aristaea pennsylvaniella
Caloptilia alnivorella
Caloptilia azaleella
Caloptilia belfragella
Caloptilia bimaculatella
Caloptilia blandella
Caloptilia cornusella
Caloptilia coroniella
Caloptilia flavella
Caloptilia glutinella
Caloptilia hypericella
Caloptilia invariabilis
Caloptilia juglandiella
Caloptilia negundella
Caloptilia ostryaeella
Caloptilia packardella
Caloptilia paradoxum
Caloptilia porphyretica
Caloptilia rhoifoliella
Caloptilia sassafrasella
Caloptilia serotinella
Caloptilia stigmatella
Caloptilia superbifrontella
Caloptilia triadicae
Caloptilia umbratella
Caloptilia unidentified species
Caloptilia violacella
Cameraria aceriella
Cameraria aesculisella
Cameraria arcuella
Cameraria bethunella
Cameraria betulivora
Cameraria caryaefoliella
Cameraria castaneaeella
Cameraria cincinnatiella
Cameraria conglomeratella
Cameraria corylisella
Cameraria fletcherella
Cameraria guttifinitella
Cameraria hamadryadella
Cameraria hamameliella
Cameraria lentella
Cameraria macrocarpella
Cameraria obstrictella
Cameraria ostryarella
Cameraria picturatella
Cameraria quercivorella
Cameraria saccharella
Cameraria tubiferella
Cameraria ulmella
Cameraria unidentified species
Chrysaster ostensackenella
Cremastobombycia ignota
Cremastobombycia solidaginis
Cremastobombycia unidentified species
Cryptolectica strigosa
Leucanthiza amphicarpeaefoliella
Leucospilapteryx unidentified species
Leucospilapteryx venustella
Macrosaccus morrisella
Macrosaccus robiniella
Macrosaccus uhlerella
Marmara apocynella
Marmara fasciella
Marmara fraxinicola
Marmara new species 1 - on Symplocos
Marmara new species 10 - on Benthamidia and Swida
Marmara new species 11 - on Dysphania or Chenopodium
Marmara new species 12 - on Euphorbia
Marmara new species 13 - on Gardenia
Marmara new species 14 - on Gelsemium
Marmara new species 15 - on Ilex spp.
Marmara new species 16 - on Impatiens
Marmara new species 17 - on Iva spp.
Marmara new species 18 - on Liquidambar
Marmara new species 19 - on Morella
Marmara new species 2 - on Clematis
Marmara new species 20 - on Nyssa
Marmara new species 21 - on Oxydendrum leaf
Marmara new species 22 - on Oxydendrum stem
Marmara new species 23 - on Passiflora
Marmara new species 24 - on Quercus alba
Marmara new species 25 - on Quercus margaretta and virginiana
Marmara new species 26 - on Rosa
Marmara new species 27 - on Senna
Marmara new species 28 - on Ulmus
Marmara new species 29 - on Vaccinium
Marmara new species 3 - on Acer spp.
Marmara new species 4 - on Acer negundo
Marmara new species 5 - on Borrichia
Marmara new species 6 - on Carpinus
Marmara new species 7 - on Ostrya
Marmara new species 8 - on Carya spp.
Marmara new species 9 - on Cercis
Marmara serotinella
Marmara smilacisella
Marmara unidentified species
Marmara viburnella
Micrurapteryx salicifoliella
Neurobathra strigifinitella
Neurobathra unidentified species
New genus and species near Neurobathra
Parectopa lespedezaefoliella
Parectopa plantaginisella
Parectopa robiniella
Parectopa unidentified species
Parornix geminatella
Parornix obliterella
Parornix preciosella
Parornix unidentified species
Parornix vicinella
Phyllocnistis ampelopsiella
Phyllocnistis hyperpersea
Phyllocnistis insignis
Phyllocnistis liquidambarisella
Phyllocnistis liriodendronella
Phyllocnistis New Species one
Phyllocnistis subpersea
Phyllocnistis unidentified species
Phyllocnistis vitegenella
Phyllocnistis vitifoliella
Phyllonorycter aeriferella
Phyllonorycter albanotella
Phyllonorycter argentifimbriella
Phyllonorycter argentinotella
Phyllonorycter auronitens
Phyllonorycter basistrigella
Phyllonorycter caryaealbella
Phyllonorycter celtifoliella
Phyllonorycter celtisella
Phyllonorycter crataegella
Phyllonorycter diversella
Phyllonorycter fitchella
Phyllonorycter intermixta
Phyllonorycter lucetiella
Phyllonorycter lucidicostella
Phyllonorycter maestingella
Phyllonorycter mariaeella
Phyllonorycter martiella
Phyllonorycter New Species one
Phyllonorycter obscuricostella
Phyllonorycter occitanica
Phyllonorycter ostryaefoliella
Phyllonorycter propinquinella
Phyllonorycter quercialbella
Phyllonorycter rhododendrella
Phyllonorycter salicifoliella
Phyllonorycter scudderella
Phyllonorycter tiliacella
Phyllonorycter trinotella
Phyllonorycter unidentified species
Phyllonorycter viburnella
Porphyrosela desmodiella
Porphyrosela minuta
Porphyrosela unidentified species
Povolnya quercinigrella
Telamoptilia hibiscivora
Phyllonorycter
Members:
Phyllonorycter aeriferella
Phyllonorycter albanotella
Phyllonorycter argentifimbriella
Phyllonorycter argentinotella
Phyllonorycter auronitens
Phyllonorycter basistrigella
Phyllonorycter caryaealbella
Phyllonorycter celtifoliella
Phyllonorycter celtisella
Phyllonorycter crataegella
Phyllonorycter diversella
Phyllonorycter fitchella
Phyllonorycter intermixta
Phyllonorycter lucetiella
Phyllonorycter lucidicostella
Phyllonorycter maestingella
Phyllonorycter mariaeella
Phyllonorycter martiella
Phyllonorycter New Species one
Phyllonorycter obscuricostella
Phyllonorycter occitanica
Phyllonorycter ostryaefoliella
Phyllonorycter propinquinella
Phyllonorycter quercialbella
Phyllonorycter rhododendrella
Phyllonorycter salicifoliella
Phyllonorycter scudderella
Phyllonorycter tiliacella
Phyllonorycter trinotella
Phyllonorycter unidentified species
Phyllonorycter viburnella
7 NC Records
Phyllonorycter celtisella
(Chambers, 1871) - No Common Name
view caption
An tentiform mine on Celtis laevigata. Note the conspicuous longitudinal ridge on the upper epidermis (in the discolored purple zone) that is diagnostic for this Celtis specialist.
view caption
An tentiform mine on Celtis laevigata. Note the single longitudinal ridge on the upper epidermis that is diagnostic for this Celtis specialist.
Taxonomy
Superfamily:
Gracillarioidea
Family:
Gracillariidae
Subfamily:
Lithocolletinae
P3 Number:
330275.00
MONA Number:
743.00
Comments:
Phyllonorycter
is a genus of small and often colorful moths, with 79 described species in North America. The larvae of most form underside tentiform mines on woody plants and pupate within the mines.
Identification
Field Guide Descriptions:
Online Photographs:
MPG
,
BugGuide
,
GBIF
,
BOLD
Technical Description, Adults:
Braun, 1908.
Technical Description, Immature Stages:
Braun, 1908; Eiseman, 2019.
Adult Markings:
The following is primarily based on descriptions in Chambers (1871a) and Braun (1908). The face and palpi are silvery white, and the antenna is silvery and annulated above with dark brown. The tuft, thorax, and ground color of the forewing are different shades of saffron. There is a white patch in the center of the saffron tuft, and a white line across the anterior margin and sides of the upper thorax. The white line on each side of the thorax is sometimes absent. When present, it is confluent with a rather long, narrow, median basal white streak on the forewing. The streak extends from the wing base to about two-fifths of the wing length, and is faintly edged with dark scales on the costal margin. Just before the middle of the forewing, there is a white chevron-shaped fascia with a tip that projects apically. The fascia is rather boldly marked with dark scales on the anterior (basal) margin. Just before the base of the dorsal cilia, there is a second fascia or partial fascia that is less well-defined. This may consists of either a white streak with a dark anterior margin, or a fragmented and reduced version of this. Instead of a complete fascia, specimens may have a dorsal and costal streak with many dark brown scales interspersed to obscure the white, or merely two or three patches of dark scales with most of the white obscured. The dorsal margin of the wing has a narrow white line that is margined with scattered dark scales. It extends from the base to the first fascia, and sometimes is faintly evident all the way to the base of the cilia. The apex is dusted with dark brown scales on a white ground that is often sufficiently dense to form a patch. There is a short, oblique white costal streak that abuts the dark scale patch on the anterior side. Sometimes the dusting is not thick, and the whole apical portion of the wing is sparsely flecked with dark brown scales. The legs are whitish with darker marks along their length. Characters that are helpful in identifying this species include the saffron ground color, the long, narrow, median basal white streak on the forewing, and the first fascia that is boldly marked with dark scales on the basal margin.
Phyllonorycter basistrigella
is somewhat similar, but has an incomplete fascia that consists of a dorsal and costal streak, and that lack a bold dark margin.
Adult ID Requirements:
Identifiable from good quality photos of unworn specimens.
Immatures and Development:
After hatching, the larva enters the leaf on the lower surface and initially make a narrow linear mine. As it matures, it cuts through the parenchyma to the upper side, where the mine broadens into an elongate blotch. The mature mine is tent-like and has a characteristic longitudinal ridge on the upper leaf surface. The larva eventually consumes the entire parenchyma, so that only the dark discolored remnants of the leaf remain (Braun, 1908; Eiseman and Davis, 2020). Pupation occurs within the mine.
Larvae ID Requirements:
Identifiable from good quality photos, especially where associated with known host plants.
Distribution in North Carolina
Distribution:
Phyllonorycter celtisella
is widely distributed in eastern North America where the host plants occur locally. Populations occur from Ontario and Connecticut southward and westward to Kentucky, North Carolina, Iowa, Oklahoma, and Texas (Eiseman and Davis, 2020). As of 2021, all of our records are from the east-central portion on the state.
County Map:
Clicking on a county returns the records for the species in that county.
Flight Dates:
High Mountains (HM) ≥ 4,000 ft.
Low Mountains (LM) < 4,000 ft.
Piedmont (Pd)
Coastal Plain (CP)
Click on graph to enlarge
Flight Comments:
The adults appear shortly after the spring leaf-out. Our earliest record for mines is early May, which suggest that the adults emerge in April in North Carolina. Local populations probably produce as least two broods through the late spring and summer months.
Habitats and Life History
Habitats:
The larvae only feed on hackberries (
Celtis
spp.). The hosts include (
C. laevigata
), which is found on riverbanks, natural levees, and forested floodplains, and (
C. occidentalis
), which prefers nutrient-rich forests with high soil pH.
Larval Host Plants:
The known hosts are Southern Hackberry (
Celtis laevigata
) and Northern Hackberry (
C. occidentalis
). As of 2021, our records in North Carolina are all from
C. laevigata
.
Celtis occidentalis
is uncommon in North Carolina, and is mostly confined to the mountains and upper Piedmont where mafic or calcareous bedrocks occur. Although we have no records for the mountains,
P. celtisella
could be present where scattered, local populations of Northern Hackberry occur. -
View
Observation Methods:
The adults are attracted to UV lights, but are most easily obtained by rearing them from mines on hackberries. Braun (1908) noted that the mines are often abundant on hackberries, and they can be easily identified by the conspicuous crease that occurs on the upper surface of the mine.
Phyllonorycter celtifoliella
also mines hackberries, but produces a crease on the underside of the leaf.
Wikipedia
See also Habitat Account for
Rich Wet-Dry Hardwood Forests
Status in North Carolina
Natural Heritage Program Status:
Natural Heritage Program Ranks:
GNR S2S3
State Protection:
Comments:
We currently do not have sufficient data on the distribution and abundance of populations in North Carolina to assess the conservation status of this species.
Photo Gallery for
Phyllonorycter celtisella
- No common name
Photos: 15
Recorded by: Tracy S. Feldman on 2022-09-12
Durham Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Tracy S. Feldman on 2022-09-12
Durham Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Tracy S. Feldman on 2022-09-12
Durham Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2021-06-07
Catawba Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2021-06-07
Catawba Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Ken Kneidel on 2020-09-02
Mecklenburg Co.
Comment: on Celtis occidentalis (ID made by Charley Eiseman).
Recorded by: Ken Kneidel on 2020-09-02
Mecklenburg Co.
Comment: on Celtis occidentalis (ID made by Charley Eiseman).
Recorded by: Ken Kneidel on 2020-09-02
Mecklenburg Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Brian Bockhahn on 2020-07-29
Orange Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Tracy S. Feldman on 2019-05-08
Scotland Co.
Comment: An upper-surface tentiform mine on Celtis laevigata. Note the conspicuous longitudinal ridge on the upper epidermis that is diagnostic for this Celtis specialist.
Recorded by: Tracy S. Feldman on 2019-05-08
Scotland Co.
Comment: An upper-surface tentiform mine on Celtis laevigata. Note the conspicuous longitudinal ridge on the upper epidermis that is diagnostic for this Celtis specialist.
Recorded by: Tracy S. Feldman on 2019-05-08
Scotland Co.
Comment: An upper-surface tentiform mine on Celtis laevigata. Note the conspicuous longitudinal ridge on the upper epidermis that is diagnostic for this Celtis specialist.
Recorded by: Tracy S. Feldman on 2017-07-05
Durham Co.
Comment: A unoccupied mine on Celtis laevigata.
Recorded by: Tracy S. Feldman on 2017-07-05
Durham Co.
Comment: A unoccupied mine on Celtis laevigata.
Recorded by: Kyle Kittelberger on 2013-07-28
Wake Co.
Comment: