Moths of North Carolina
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Scientific Name:
Common Name:
Family (Alpha):
ACROLEPIIDAE-
ADELIDAE-
AMPHISBATIDAE-
AUTOSTICHIDAE-
BATRACHEDRIDAE-
BEDELLIIDAE-
BLASTOBASIDAE-
BOMBYCIDAE-
BUCCULATRICIDAE-
CARPOSINIDAE-
CHOREUTIDAE-
COLEOPHORIDAE-
COSMOPTERIGIDAE-
COSSIDAE-
CRAMBIDAE-
DEPRESSARIIDAE-
DREPANIDAE-
ELACHISTIDAE-
EPERMENIIDAE-
EPIPYROPIDAE-
EREBIDAE-Erebid Moths
ERIOCRANIIDAE-
EUTELIIDAE-
GALACTICIDAE-
GELECHIIDAE-
GEOMETRIDAE-
GLYPHIDOCERIDAE-
GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE-
GRACILLARIIDAE-
HELIOZELIDAE-
HEPIALIDAE-
HYBLAEIDAE-
INCURVARIIDAE-
LASIOCAMPIDAE-
LECITHOCERIDAE-Long-horned Moths
LIMACODIDAE-
LYONETIIDAE-
MEGALOPYGIDAE-Flannel Moths
MICROPTERIGIDAE-
MIMALLONIDAE-
MOMPHIDAE-Mompha Moths
NEPTICULIDAE-
NOCTUIDAE-Owlet Moths
NOLIDAE-
NOTODONTIDAE-
OECOPHORIDAE-
OPOSTEGIDAE-
PELEOPODIDAE-
PLUTELLIDAE-
PRODOXIDAE-
PSYCHIDAE-Bagworm Moths
PTEROPHORIDAE-
PYRALIDAE-
SATURNIIDAE-Saturniids
SCHRECKENSTEINIIDAE-
SESIIDAE-
SPHINGIDAE-Sphinx Moths
THYATIRIDAE-
THYRIDIDAE-
TINEIDAE-
TISCHERIIDAE-
TORTRICIDAE-
URANIIDAE-
URODIDAE-
XYLORYCTIDAE-
YPONOMEUTIDAE-
YPSOLOPHIDAE-
ZYGAENIDAE-
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Saturniidae Members:
Actias luna
Anisota peigleri
Anisota senatoria
Anisota stigma
Anisota unidentified species
Anisota virginiensis
Antheraea polyphemus
Automeris io
Callosamia angulifera
Callosamia promethea
Callosamia securifera
Callosamia unidentified species
Citheronia regalis
Citheronia sepulcralis
Dryocampa rubicunda
Eacles imperialis
Hemileuca maia
Hyalophora cecropia
Samia cynthia
Syssphinx bicolor
Syssphinx bisecta
Callosamia
Members:
Callosamia angulifera
Callosamia promethea
Callosamia securifera
Callosamia unidentified species
349 NC Records
Callosamia angulifera
(Walker, 1855) - Tulip-tree Silkmoth
Taxonomy
Superfamily:
Bombycoidea
Family:
Saturniidae
Subfamily:
Saturniinae
Tribe:
Attacini
P3 Number:
890080
MONA Number:
7765.00
Comments:
One of three
Callosamia
species in North Carolina, all of which overlap in range in the Coastal Plain.
Identification
Field Guide Descriptions:
Covell (1984); Beadle and Leckie (2012)
Online Resources:
MPG
,
BugGuide
,
iNaturalist
,
Google
,
BAMONA
,
GBIF
,
BOLD
Technical Description, Adults:
Forbes (1923), Ferguson (1972), Tuskes et al. (1996)
Technical Description, Immature Stages:
Forbes (1923), Ferguson (1972), Tuskes et al. (1996), Wagner (2005)
Adult Markings:
Sexually dimorphic, with both males and females similar in wing pattern and coloration those of the other two species of
Callosamia
. Female
C. angulifera
usually have an orange-brown ground color, always showing at least some degree of yellowish shading, particularly along the inner margin and basal area. Female
C. promethea
do not show any yellow shading and are either darker umber or a brighter cherry-red. Female
C. securifera
are more yellow than orange and differ in the degree of contrast along the post median line on the underside of the hindwing (see description of
C. securifera
). The discal spots of both male and female
C. angulifera
also tend to be larger than in the other two species. The males of all three species are a dark umber brown in the basal and medial areas of both wings but differ in amount lighter shading along the post median line and in the submarginal area.
C. angulifera
males are less darkly marked than in
C. promethea
(see description of that species) but are more difficult to distinguish from
C. securifera
. As with the females, the most reliable feature is the brightness of the pale line that borders the post median (which is black) on the undersurface of the hindwing; this line is a much brighter white in
C. angulifera
. In the Coastal Plain, good photographs or specimens are needed to confirm records for adults.
Adult ID Requirements:
Identifiable from good quality photos of unworn specimens.
Immatures and Development:
Larvae of all three
Callosamia
species are similar, differing only in minor details. Older instar larvae have a yellowish lateral stripe located below the spiracles that is missing in
C. promethea
but present in
C. securifera
.
C. promethea
larvae also possess pale rings around their black abdominal spots that are missing in the other two (see Forbes, 1923 and Wagner, 2005). Determining the host plant is the easiest means of separating angulifera from
C. securifera
.
Larvae ID Requirements:
Identifiable from good quality photos, especially where associated with known host plants.
Distribution in North Carolina
Distribution:
State-wide in occurrence but probably more continuously distributed in the Piedmont and Lower Mountains than in Coastal Plain or High Mountains
County Map:
Clicking on a county returns the records for the species in that county.
Flight Dates:
High Mountains (HM) ≥ 4,000 ft.
Low Mountains (LM) < 4,000 ft.
Piedmont (Pd)
Coastal Plain (CP)
Click on graph to enlarge
Immature Dates:
High Mountains (HM) ≥ 4,000 ft.
Low Mountains (LM) < 4,000 ft.
Piedmont (Pd)
Coastal Plain (CP)
Click on graph to enlarge
Flight Comments:
Reported to have two broods, particularly in the southern part of its range (Forbes, 1923; Covell, 1984). In North Carolina, our records indicate that it may be most clearly double-brooded in the Piedmont. In the Mountains, it may be single brooded and in the Coastal Plain, adults may be present throughout much of the growing season, although with a bimodal distribution of flights. Spring brood individuals tend to be lighter and more brightly marked than summer brood (Ferguson, 1972; Tuskes et al., 1996).
Habitats and Life History
Habitats:
This species occupies a wide range of hardwood forests where its host plant, Tulip-tree (
Liriodendron tulipifera
), is common. In the Piedmont and Mountains, it probably occupies most mesic to dry-mesic stands of hardwoods, particularly on rich soils, which are the main habitat for
L. tulipifera var. tulipifera
(Weakley, 2012). In the Coastal Plain, however, it is restricted to the floodplains of blackwater rivers and creeks, including small streamheads in the Sandhills. Although these habitats are acidic, in contrast to the areas of richer soils occupied in the Piedmont and Mountains,
L. tulipifera var. 1
is common in these habitats (Weakley, 2012).
Larval Host Plants:
Larvae feed primarily on Tulip-tree but also on other hardwood trees to some extent, including Black Cherry (
Prunus serotina
) and Sassafras (
Sassafras albidum
) (Forbes, 1923; Covell, 1984). Wagner, (2005), however, only lists Tulip-tree and Peigler (1979) also believed
C. angulifera
to be monophagous on that species. -
View
Observation Methods:
This species is much more nocturnal than the other two
Callosamia
in our area, with males as well as females coming fairly well to lights -- up to 53 males have been collected at a single trap (Sullivan, pers. obs.). In general, any male
Callosamia
showing up at lights at night is highly likely to belong to this species. Adults do not feed and are not attracted to bait, and the larvae typically occur well up in the canopy and are rarely seen. The cocoons do not remain attached to twigs during the winter, dropping into the leaf litter where they are difficult to find.
Wikipedia
See also Habitat Account for
General Mesic Hardwood Forests
Status in North Carolina
Natural Heritage Program Status:
Natural Heritage Program Ranks:
G5 [S5]
State Protection:
Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands
Comments:
Populations are locally vulnerable to the effects of weather, outbreaks of disease, parasites, and predators, and to the effects of pesticides and artificial lights. However, given the commonness of their host plants, wide habitat range -- including suburban areas -- and statewide distribution, this species can easily recover from most of those losses. In the Northeast, however, population decreases have been linked to the spread of a parasitic fly,
Compsilura concinnata
, which was introduced as a control on Gypsy Moths (Boettner et al.; Schweitzer et al., 2011). No evidence exists in the Southeast that similar problems have shown up here, although such species would constitute a very pervasive threat that would not be easily recovered from.
Compsilura
has spread as far south as Virginia (Kellogg et al., 2003) and the situation in North Carolina needs to be monitored.
Photo Gallery for
Callosamia angulifera
- Tulip-tree Silkmoth
203 photos are available. Only the most recent 30 are shown.
Recorded by: Michael P. Morales on 2024-08-23
Cumberland Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Owen McConnell on 2024-08-06
Graham Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: David George, Jeff Niznik, Stephen Dunn on 2024-08-02
Chatham Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: David George, Jeff Niznik, Stephen Dunn on 2024-08-02
Chatham Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Simpson Eason on 2024-08-01
Durham Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: M. Miles on 2024-07-18
Buncombe Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: M. Miles on 2024-07-18
Buncombe Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: David George on 2024-07-15
Chatham Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: David George, Jeff Niznik on 2024-07-08
Chatham Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Mark Basinger on 2024-07-05
Wilson Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: David George on 2024-07-04
Chatham Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Mark Basinger on 2024-06-27
Yancey Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2024-06-23
Madison Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Mark Basinger on 2024-06-23
Yancey Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Dean Furbish, Lior S. Carlson on 2024-06-17
Lincoln Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Juno Henderson on 2024-06-14
Watauga Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Dean Furbish on 2024-06-12
Wake Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: David George, Jeff Niznik on 2024-05-25
Chatham Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Mark Basinger on 2024-05-24
Wilson Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Mark Basinger on 2024-05-24
Wilson Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Owen McConnell on 2024-05-23
Graham Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2024-05-20
Madison Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Emily Stanley on 2024-05-17
Buncombe Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: M. Griffin on 2024-05-15
Burke Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: David George, Rich Teper on 2024-05-13
Chatham Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: David George, Rich Teper on 2024-05-13
Chatham Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2024-05-12
Madison Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Ken Kneidel on 2024-05-09
Mecklenburg Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2024-05-07
Madison Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: K. Bischof on 2024-04-20
Transylvania Co.
Comment: