Moths of North Carolina

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Callosamia angulifera (Walker, 1855) - Tulip-tree Silkmoth

Taxonomy

Superfamily:
Bombycoidea

Family:
Saturniidae

Subfamily:
Saturniinae

Tribe:
Attacini

P3 Number:
890080

MONA Number:
7765.00

Other Common Name:
Tulip-tree Moth

Comments: One of three Callosamia species in North Carolina, all of which overlap in range in the Coastal Plain.

Identification

Field Guide Descriptions: Covell (1984); Beadle and Leckie (2012)

Online Resources: MPG, BugGuide, iNaturalist, Google, BAMONA, GBIF, BOLD

Technical Description, Adults: Forbes (1923), Ferguson (1972), Tuskes et al. (1996)

Technical Description, Immature Stages: Forbes (1923), Ferguson (1972), Tuskes et al. (1996), Wagner (2005)

Adult Markings: Sexually dimorphic, with both males and females similar in wing pattern and coloration those of the other two species of Callosamia. Female C. angulifera usually have an orange-brown ground color, always showing at least some degree of yellowish shading, particularly along the inner margin and basal area. Female C. promethea do not show any yellow shading and are either darker umber or a brighter cherry-red. Female C. securifera are more yellow than orange and differ in the degree of contrast along the post median line on the underside of the hindwing (see description of C. securifera). The discal spots of both male and female C. angulifera also tend to be larger than in the other two species. The males of all three species are a dark umber brown in the basal and medial areas of both wings but differ in amount lighter shading along the post median line and in the submarginal area. C. angulifera males are less darkly marked than in C. promethea (see description of that species) but are more difficult to distinguish from C. securifera. As with the females, the most reliable feature is the brightness of the pale line that borders the post median (which is black) on the undersurface of the hindwing; this line is a much brighter white in C. angulifera. In the Coastal Plain, good photographs or specimens are needed to confirm records for adults.

Adult ID Requirements: Identifiable from good quality photos of unworn specimens.

Immatures and Development: Larvae of all three Callosamia species are similar, differing only in minor details. Older instar larvae have a yellowish lateral stripe located below the spiracles that is missing in C. promethea but present in C. securifera. C. promethea larvae also possess pale rings around their black abdominal spots that are missing in the other two (see Forbes, 1923 and Wagner, 2005). Determining the host plant is the easiest means of separating angulifera from C. securifera.

Larvae ID Requirements: Identifiable from good quality photos, especially where associated with known host plants.

Distribution in North Carolina

Distribution: State-wide in occurrence but probably more continuously distributed in the Piedmont and Lower Mountains than in Coastal Plain or High Mountains

County Map: Clicking on a county returns the records for the species in that county.


Flight Dates: High Mountains (HM) ≥ 4,000 ft. Low Mountains (LM) < 4,000 ft. Piedmont (Pd) Coastal Plain (CP) Click on graph to enlarge
Immature Dates: High Mountains (HM) ≥ 4,000 ft. Low Mountains (LM) < 4,000 ft. Piedmont (Pd) Coastal Plain (CP) Click on graph to enlarge
Flight Comments: Reported to have two broods, particularly in the southern part of its range (Forbes, 1923; Covell, 1984). In North Carolina, our records indicate that it may be most clearly double-brooded in the Piedmont. In the Mountains, it may be single brooded and in the Coastal Plain, adults may be present throughout much of the growing season, although with a bimodal distribution of flights. Spring brood individuals tend to be lighter and more brightly marked than summer brood (Ferguson, 1972; Tuskes et al., 1996).

Habitats and Life History

Habitats: This species occupies a wide range of hardwood forests where its host plant, Tulip-tree (Liriodendron tulipifera), is common. In the Piedmont and Mountains, it probably occupies most mesic to dry-mesic stands of hardwoods, particularly on rich soils, which are the main habitat for L. tulipifera var. tulipifera (Weakley, 2012). In the Coastal Plain, however, it is restricted to the floodplains of blackwater rivers and creeks, including small streamheads in the Sandhills. Although these habitats are acidic, in contrast to the areas of richer soils occupied in the Piedmont and Mountains, L. tulipifera var. 1 is common in these habitats (Weakley, 2012).

Larval Host Plants: Larvae feed primarily on Tulip-tree (Liriodendron tulipifera) but also on other hardwood trees to some extent, including Black Cherry (Prunus serotina) and Sassafras (Sassafras albidum) (Forbes, 1923; Covell, 1984). Wagner, (2005), however, only lists Tulip-tree and Peigler (1979) also believed C. angulifera to be monophagous on that species. We do not have any feeding records in North Carolina. - View

Observation Methods: This species is much more nocturnal than the other two Callosamia in our area, with males as well as females coming fairly well to lights -- up to 53 males have been collected at a single trap (Sullivan, pers. obs.). In general, any male Callosamia showing up at lights at night is highly likely to belong to this species. Adults do not feed and are not attracted to bait, and the larvae typically occur well up in the canopy and are rarely seen. The cocoons do not remain attached to twigs during the winter, dropping into the leaf litter where they are difficult to find.

Wikipedia

See also Habitat Account for General Mesic Hardwood Forests

Status in North Carolina

Natural Heritage Program Status:

Natural Heritage Program Ranks: G5 SNR [S5]

State Protection: Has no legal protection, although permits are required to collect it on state parks and other public lands

Comments: Populations are locally vulnerable to the effects of weather, outbreaks of disease, parasites, and predators, and to the effects of pesticides and artificial lights. However, given the commonness of their host plants, wide habitat range -- including suburban areas -- and statewide distribution, this species can easily recover from most of those losses. In the Northeast, however, population decreases have been linked to the spread of a parasitic fly, Compsilura concinnata, which was introduced as a control on Gypsy Moths (Boettner et al.; Schweitzer et al., 2011). No evidence exists in the Southeast that similar problems have shown up here, although such species would constitute a very pervasive threat that would not be easily recovered from. Compsilura has spread as far south as Virginia (Kellogg et al., 2003) and the situation in North Carolina needs to be monitored.

Photo Gallery for Callosamia angulifera - Tulip-tree Silkmoth

219 photos are available. Only the most recent 30 are shown.

	Recorded by: David George, David Cheng, Patrick Coin on 2025-06-29 Richmond Co. Comment:		Recorded by: Mark Basinger on 2025-06-23 Buncombe Co. Comment:
	Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2025-06-08 Madison Co. Comment:		Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2025-05-24 Richmond Co. Comment:
	Recorded by: Mark Basinger on 2025-05-21 Wilson Co. Comment:		Recorded by: R. Jones, D. Schafer, C. Zurosky on 2025-05-16 Transylvania Co. Comment:
	Recorded by: Mark Basinger on 2025-04-30 Wilson Co. Comment:		Recorded by: Michael P. Morales on 2025-04-21 Cumberland Co. Comment:
	Recorded by: Michael P. Morales on 2025-04-21 Cumberland Co. Comment:		Recorded by: Linda Gutknecht Asgari on 2025-04-21 Onslow Co. Comment:
	Recorded by: Brianna Horan on 2025-04-18 Craven Co. Comment:		Recorded by: Mark Basinger on 2025-03-29 Brunswick Co. Comment:
	Recorded by: Michael P. Morales on 2024-08-23 Cumberland Co. Comment:		Recorded by: Owen McConnell on 2024-08-06 Graham Co. Comment:
	Recorded by: David George, Jeff Niznik, Stephen Dunn on 2024-08-02 Chatham Co. Comment:		Recorded by: David George, Jeff Niznik, Stephen Dunn on 2024-08-02 Chatham Co. Comment:
	Recorded by: Simpson Eason on 2024-08-01 Durham Co. Comment:		Recorded by: John Petranka on 2024-07-31 Orange Co. Comment:
	Recorded by: John Petranka on 2024-07-26 Orange Co. Comment:		Recorded by: M. Miles on 2024-07-18 Buncombe Co. Comment:
	Recorded by: M. Miles on 2024-07-18 Buncombe Co. Comment:		Recorded by: David George on 2024-07-15 Chatham Co. Comment:
	Recorded by: David George, Jeff Niznik on 2024-07-08 Chatham Co. Comment:		Recorded by: Mark Basinger on 2024-07-05 Wilson Co. Comment:
	Recorded by: David George on 2024-07-04 Chatham Co. Comment:		Recorded by: Mark Basinger on 2024-06-27 Yancey Co. Comment:
	Recorded by: Emma Jane Webb on 2024-06-25 Haywood Co. Comment:		Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2024-06-23 Madison Co. Comment:
	Recorded by: Mark Basinger on 2024-06-23 Yancey Co. Comment:		Recorded by: Dean Furbish, Lior S. Carlson on 2024-06-17 Lincoln Co. Comment: