Arachnids of North Carolina
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Common Spiders of NC
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Comments
Order:
Araneae - Spiders
Opiliones - Harvestmen
Pseudoscorpiones - Pseudoscorpions
Scorpiones - Scorpions
Scientific Name:
Common Name:
Family (Alpha):
ACROPSOPILIONIDAE-
AGELENIDAE-Funnel Weavers
AMAUROBIIDAE-Hacklemesh Weavers
ANTRODIAETIDAE-Folding Trapdoor Spiders
ANYPHAENIDAE-Ghost Spiders
ARANEIDAE-Orb Weavers
ATYPIDAE-Purseweb Spiders
BUTHIDAE-
CADDIDAE-
CHEIRACANTHIIDAE-
CHEIRIDIIDAE-
CHELIFERIDAE-
CHERNETIDAE-
CHTHONIIDAE-
CICURINIDAE-
CLUBIONIDAE-Sac Spiders
CORINNIDAE-Antmimics and Ground Sac Spiders
COSMETIDAE-Armoured harvestmen
CTENIDAE-Wandering Spiders
CYBAEIDAE-
DEINOPIDAE-Ogrefaced spider
DESIDAE-
DICTYNIDAE-Mesh Web Weavers
DYSDERIDAE-
EUCTENIZIDAE-Wafer-lid Trapdoor Spiders
FILISTATIDAE-
GARYPINIDAE-
GNAPHOSIDAE-Ground Spiders
HAHNIIDAE-
HALONOPROCTIDAE-
HYPOCHILIDAE-
LARCIDAE-
LEPTONETIDAE-
LINYPHIIDAE-Sheetweb and Dwarf Spiders
LIOCRANIDAE-Liocranid Sac Spiders
LYCOSIDAE-Wolf Spiders
MICROHEXURIDAE-
MIMETIDAE-Pirate spiders
MYSMENIDAE-
NEOBISIIDAE-
NEPHILIDAE-
NESTICIDAE-Scaffold Web Spiders
OECOBIIDAE-Wall spiders
OONOPIDAE-
OXYOPIDAE-Lynx Spiders
PHALANGIIDAE-
PHALANGODIDAE-Armoured harvestmen
PHILODROMIDAE-Running Crab Spiders
PHOLCIDAE-
PHONOGNATHIDAE-
PHRUROLITHIDAE-
PISAURIDAE-Nursery Web Spiders
SABACONIDAE-
SALTICIDAE-Jumping Spiders
SCLEROSOMATIDAE-
SCYTODIDAE-
SEGESTRIIDAE-
SICARIIDAE-
SPARASSIDAE-Giant Crab Spiders
STERNOPHORIDAE-
TARACIDAE-
TETRAGNATHIDAE-Long-jawed Orb Weavers
THERIDIIDAE-Cobweb Spiders
THERIDIOSOMATIDAE-Ray Spiders
THOMISIDAE-Crab Spiders
TITANOECIDAE-
TRACHELIDAE-
TRIAENONYCHIDAE-Armoured harvestmen
TRIDENCHTHONIIDAE-
ULOBORIDAE-Cribellate Orb Weavers
VAEJOVIDAE-
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Phalangiidae Members:
Odiellus nubivagus
Odiellus pictus
Opilio parietinus
NC
Records
Opilio parietinus
(Degeer, 1778) - No Common Name
No image for this species.
Taxonomy
Order:
OPILIONES
Suborder:
Eupnoi
Superfamily:
Phalangioidea
Family:
Phalangiidae
Comments:
The sole representative of this genus in North America, where it was introduced from Europe (see Cokendolpher and Holmberg, 2018)
Species Comment:
The type locality is Sweden but may have originated in the Caucasus and Asia Minor (Hillyard and Sankey, 1989)
Identification
Online Description/Photos:
BugGuide
Google
,
iNaturalist
,
Wikipedia
,
GBIF
Technical Description:
Hillyard and Sankey (1989)
Comments:
A moderately large harvestman. The ground color is gray to brown, with the central figure on the abdomen obscure or absent (Hillyard and Sankey, 1989). A pattern of dark bars spotted with pale tubercles is present over much of the dorsal surface.
Total Length:
5.0-7.0 mm, males; 6.0-9.0 mm, females (Hillyard and Sankey, 1989)
Adult ID:
identifiable by photo
Structural Features:
Femora of the legs are angular and along with the patellae and tibiae are provided with rows of denticles and black-tipped spines; two rows of five to eight spines are located on the top of the ocular tubercle (Hillyard and Sankey, 1989)
Distribution in North Carolina
Comments:
Why this species has been found only at the summit of Mt. Mitchell in North Carolina rather than the disturbed areas around cities where it routinely occurs elsewhere is unexplained.
County Map:
Clicking on a county returns the records for the species in that county.
Adult phenology:
High Mountains (HM) ≥ 4,000 ft.
Low Mountains (LM) < 4,000 ft.
Piedmont (Pd)
Coastal Plain (CP)
Click on graph to enlarge
Habitats and Life History
Habitats:
Our one record for this species comes from the Spruce-Fir zone at the top of Mt. Mitchell. However, it is associated with a wide variety of disturbed habitats in Europe, including
Observation Methods:
Hillyard and Sankey (1989) report that this species can be found on walls, fences, buildings, and tree trunks.
Abundance/Frequency:
Not enough data are available to estimate either the frequency of occurrence or abundance of this species in North Carolina
Status in North Carolina
Natural Heritage Program Status:
Natural Heritage Program Ranks:
[GNR] [SNA]
State Protection:
Arachnids are not protected under state law, although permits are needed to collect them in State Parks and other public and private nature preserves. This species is introduced and is not in need of any conservation efforts. It seems unlikely to displace any of our native harvestmen, most of which live in mesic forests rather than open or disturbed habitats.
Comments:
Exotic, originating in Asia Minor (Hillyard and Sankey, 1989). This species is found primarily in the northern states, at least in the East (in the West, it has been recorded in Texas and New Mexico -- Cokendolpher and Lee, 2003). Our sole record appears to be the farthest south it has been found in the Appalachians. We currently know of only a single state record for this species.
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