Arachnids of North Carolina
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Common Spiders of NC
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Comments
Order:
Araneae - Spiders
Opiliones - Harvestmen
Pseudoscorpiones - Pseudoscorpions
Scorpiones - Scorpions
Scientific Name:
Common Name:
Family (Alpha):
ACROPSOPILIONIDAE-
AGELENIDAE-Funnel Weavers
AMAUROBIIDAE-Hacklemesh Weavers
ANTRODIAETIDAE-Folding Trapdoor Spiders
ANYPHAENIDAE-Ghost Spiders
ARANEIDAE-Orb Weavers
ATYPIDAE-Purseweb Spiders
BUTHIDAE-
CADDIDAE-
CHEIRACANTHIIDAE-
CHEIRIDIIDAE-
CHELIFERIDAE-
CHERNETIDAE-
CHTHONIIDAE-
CICURINIDAE-
CLUBIONIDAE-Sac Spiders
CORINNIDAE-Antmimics and Ground Sac Spiders
COSMETIDAE-Armoured harvestmen
CTENIDAE-Wandering Spiders
CYBAEIDAE-
DEINOPIDAE-Ogrefaced spider
DESIDAE-
DICTYNIDAE-Mesh Web Weavers
DYSDERIDAE-
EUCTENIZIDAE-Wafer-lid Trapdoor Spiders
FILISTATIDAE-
GARYPINIDAE-
GNAPHOSIDAE-Ground Spiders
HAHNIIDAE-
HALONOPROCTIDAE-
HYPOCHILIDAE-
LARCIDAE-
LEPTONETIDAE-
LINYPHIIDAE-Sheetweb and Dwarf Spiders
LIOCRANIDAE-Liocranid Sac Spiders
LYCOSIDAE-Wolf Spiders
MICROHEXURIDAE-
MIMETIDAE-Pirate spiders
MITURGIDAE-Prowling Spiders
MYSMENIDAE-
NEOBISIIDAE-
NEPHILIDAE-
NESTICIDAE-Scaffold Web Spiders
OECOBIIDAE-Wall spiders
OONOPIDAE-
OXYOPIDAE-Lynx Spiders
PHALANGIIDAE-
PHALANGODIDAE-Armoured harvestmen
PHILODROMIDAE-Running Crab Spiders
PHOLCIDAE-
PHONOGNATHIDAE-
PHRUROLITHIDAE-
PISAURIDAE-Nursery Web Spiders
SABACONIDAE-
SALTICIDAE-Jumping Spiders
SCLEROSOMATIDAE-
SCYTODIDAE-
SEGESTRIIDAE-
SICARIIDAE-
SPARASSIDAE-Giant Crab Spiders
STERNOPHORIDAE-
TARACIDAE-
TETRAGNATHIDAE-Long-jawed Orb Weavers
THERIDIIDAE-Cobweb Spiders
THERIDIOSOMATIDAE-Ray Spiders
THOMISIDAE-Crab Spiders
TITANOECIDAE-
TRACHELIDAE-
TRIAENONYCHIDAE-Armoured harvestmen
TRIDENCHTHONIIDAE-
ULOBORIDAE-Cribellate Orb Weavers
VAEJOVIDAE-
ZOROPSIDAE-False Wolf Spiders & Wandering Spiders
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Sclerosomatidae Members:
Hadrobunus fusiformis
Hadrobunus maculosus
Hadrobunus unidentified species
Leiobunum aldrichi
Leiobunum bracchiolum
Leiobunum calcar
Leiobunum crassipalpe
Leiobunum davisi
Leiobunum euserratipalpe
Leiobunum flavum
Leiobunum formosum
Leiobunum hoffmani
Leiobunum nigropalpi
Leiobunum politum
Leiobunum speciosum
Leiobunum unidentified species
Leiobunum uxorium
Leiobunum ventricosum
Leiobunum verrucosum
Leiobunum vittatum
Leiobunum zimmermani
Nelima elegans
NC
Records
Leiobunum aldrichi
(Weed 1893) - No Common Name
Taxonomy
Order:
OPILIONES
Suborder:
Eupnoi
Superfamily:
Phalangioidea
Family:
Sclerosomatidae
Synonym:
Leiobunum longipes
Comments:
Approximately 30 species in this genus have been identified as occurring in North America north of Mexico (Cokendolpher and Lee, 1993; Ingianni et al., 2011), with 16 recorded in North Carolina. However, the validity of several of these species is suspect, with several that will probably be determined to be synonyms of other species, e.g., davisi, speciosum, and zimmermani in North Carolina Burns et al., 2012; Shultz, 2018). According to Shultz (2018), moreover, recent phylogenetic studies indicate both that more species are waiting to be described and that the name Leiobunum may eventually be restricted to European species, requiring new generic names for most, if not all, of our species.
Species Comment:
Davis (1934) treated aldrichi and longipes as distinct subspecies of L. longipes. However, Cokendolpher (1984) decided there was too little information to justify separating the two and recommended lumping them as L. aldrichi.
Identification
Online Description/Photos:
BugGuide
Google
,
iNaturalist
,
Wikipedia
,
GBIF
Technical Description:
Weed (1893); Davis (1934); Shultz (2018)
Comments:
A small-bodied Leiobunum. Males are reddish brown (golden-yellow according to Davis, 1934), with or without darker markings; females vary from brown to orange but have a dark central figure on the abdomen as well as segmental bands of light spots (Shultz, 2018). Both sexes have pale pedal coxae that contrast with the dark trochanters. The legs are generally dark brown or blackish but the second legs have a distinctive pale band at the distal end of the tibia. Palps are yellowish and the eye tubercle is black. The undersides are constrastingly whitish.
Total Length:
3–4 mm, males; 4.5–6 mm, females (Shultz, 2018)
Adult ID:
identifiable by photo
Structural Features:
The end of the abdomen in males is rounded or subtruncate rather than pointed
Distribution in North Carolina
Comments:
Our records so far come from the Mountains to the eastern edge of the Piedmont
County Map:
Clicking on a county returns the records for the species in that county.
Adult phenology:
High Mountains (HM) ≥ 4,000 ft.
Low Mountains (LM) < 4,000 ft.
Piedmont (Pd)
Coastal Plain (CP)
Click on graph to enlarge
Habitats and Life History
Habitats:
Shultz (2018) reports that aldrichi is most common in undisturbed forests and can be absent from seemingly suitable but second growth forests.
Observation Methods:
This species is diurnally active and is found on the surface of the ground or up on tree trunks (Shultz, 2018)
Abundance/Frequency:
We currently have too few records to estimate either its frequency of occurrence or abundance in North Carolina
Status in North Carolina
Natural Heritage Program Status:
Natural Heritage Program Ranks:
[GNR] [S3S4]
State Protection:
Arachnids are not protected under state law, although permits are needed to collect them in State Parks and other public and private nature preserves
Comments:
Not enough is yet known about its distribution, habitat associations, abundance, and population trends in North Carolina to accurately assess the conservation needs of this species.
Photo Gallery for
Leiobunum aldrichi
- No common name
Photos: 13
Recorded by: David George and Steve Hall on 2024-08-31
Chatham Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Jim Petranka and Becky Elkin on 2022-06-12
Madison Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Jim Petranka and Becky Elkin on 2022-06-12
Madison Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2019-08-07
Madison Co.
Comment: Adult female
Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2019-08-07
Madison Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2019-08-06
Madison Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Jim Petranka on 2019-08-06
Madison Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Vin Stanton on 2019-07-28
Buncombe Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Steve Hall and Bo Sullivan on 2019-07-01
Ashe Co.
Comment: Juvenile
Recorded by: Steve Hall and Bo Sullivan on 2019-07-01
Ashe Co.
Comment: Immatures were common at moth bait
Recorded by: Steve Hall and Bo Sullivan on 2019-06-30
Ashe Co.
Comment: Adult female
Recorded by: Steve Hall and Bo Sullivan on 2019-06-30
Ashe Co.
Comment: Adult female found at moth bait
Recorded by: Steve Hall on 1985-05-00
Orange Co.
Comment: Adult male
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