Arachnids of North Carolina
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Common Spiders of NC
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Comments
Order:
Araneae - Spiders
Opiliones - Harvestmen
Pseudoscorpiones - Pseudoscorpions
Scorpiones - Scorpions
Scientific Name:
Common Name:
Family (Alpha):
ACROPSOPILIONIDAE-
AGELENIDAE-Funnel Weavers
AMAUROBIIDAE-Hacklemesh Weavers
ANTRODIAETIDAE-Folding Trapdoor Spiders
ANYPHAENIDAE-Ghost Spiders
ARANEIDAE-Orb Weavers
ATYPIDAE-Purseweb Spiders
BUTHIDAE-
CADDIDAE-
CHEIRACANTHIIDAE-
CHEIRIDIIDAE-
CHELIFERIDAE-
CHERNETIDAE-
CHTHONIIDAE-
CICURINIDAE-
CLUBIONIDAE-Sac Spiders
CORINNIDAE-Antmimics and Ground Sac Spiders
COSMETIDAE-Armoured harvestmen
CTENIDAE-Wandering Spiders
CYBAEIDAE-
DEINOPIDAE-Ogrefaced spider
DESIDAE-
DICTYNIDAE-Mesh Web Weavers
DYSDERIDAE-
EUCTENIZIDAE-Wafer-lid Trapdoor Spiders
FILISTATIDAE-
GARYPINIDAE-
GNAPHOSIDAE-Ground Spiders
HAHNIIDAE-
HALONOPROCTIDAE-
HYPOCHILIDAE-
LARCIDAE-
LEPTONETIDAE-
LINYPHIIDAE-Sheetweb and Dwarf Spiders
LIOCRANIDAE-Liocranid Sac Spiders
LYCOSIDAE-Wolf Spiders
MICROHEXURIDAE-
MIMETIDAE-Pirate spiders
MYSMENIDAE-
NEOBISIIDAE-
NEPHILIDAE-
NESTICIDAE-Scaffold Web Spiders
OECOBIIDAE-Wall spiders
OONOPIDAE-
OXYOPIDAE-Lynx Spiders
PHALANGIIDAE-
PHALANGODIDAE-Armoured harvestmen
PHILODROMIDAE-Running Crab Spiders
PHOLCIDAE-
PHONOGNATHIDAE-
PHRUROLITHIDAE-
PISAURIDAE-Nursery Web Spiders
SABACONIDAE-
SALTICIDAE-Jumping Spiders
SCLEROSOMATIDAE-
SCYTODIDAE-
SEGESTRIIDAE-
SICARIIDAE-
SPARASSIDAE-Giant Crab Spiders
STERNOPHORIDAE-
TARACIDAE-
TETRAGNATHIDAE-Long-jawed Orb Weavers
THERIDIIDAE-Cobweb Spiders
THERIDIOSOMATIDAE-Ray Spiders
THOMISIDAE-Crab Spiders
TITANOECIDAE-
TRACHELIDAE-
TRIAENONYCHIDAE-Armoured harvestmen
TRIDENCHTHONIIDAE-
ULOBORIDAE-Cribellate Orb Weavers
VAEJOVIDAE-
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Sclerosomatidae Members:
Hadrobunus fusiformis
Hadrobunus maculosus
Hadrobunus unidentified species
Leiobunum aldrichi
Leiobunum bracchiolum
Leiobunum calcar
Leiobunum crassipalpe
Leiobunum davisi
Leiobunum euserratipalpe
Leiobunum flavum
Leiobunum formosum
Leiobunum hoffmani
Leiobunum nigropalpi
Leiobunum politum
Leiobunum speciosum
Leiobunum unidentified species
Leiobunum uxorium
Leiobunum ventricosum
Leiobunum verrucosum
Leiobunum vittatum
Leiobunum zimmermani
Nelima elegans
NC
Records
Leiobunum flavum
Banks, 1894 - No Common Name
Taxonomy
Order:
OPILIONES
Suborder:
Eupnoi
Superfamily:
Phalangioidea
Family:
Sclerosomatidae
Comments:
Approximately 30 species in this genus have been identified as occurring in North America north of Mexico (Cokendolpher and Lee, 1993; Ingianni et al., 2011), with 16 recorded in North Carolina. However, the validity of several of these species is suspect, with several that will probably be determined to be synonyms of other species, e.g., davisi, speciosum, and zimmermani in North Carolina Burns et al., 2012; Shultz, 2018). According to Shultz (2018), moreover, recent phylogenetic studies indicate both that more species are waiting to be described and that the name Leiobunum may eventually be restricted to European species, requiring new generic names for most, if not all, of our species.
Species Comment:
Placed in the Early-season Leiobunum Species Group by Burns et al. (2012) based on its overwintering as a juvenile as well as by genetic analysis. In North Carolina, this groups also includes L. vetricosum and verrucosum.
Identification
Online Description/Photos:
BugGuide
Google
,
iNaturalist
,
Wikipedia
,
GBIF
Technical Description:
Davis (1934); Shultz (2018)
Comments:
Dorsum golden to golden-brown, usually with no strong markings; in early spring, individuals may have a long, narrow central figure, but this is usually reduced to a couple of broken traces later on (Shultz, 2018). Ocular tubercle is brown with a dark ring around each eye, sometimes darker dorsally (Davis, 1934). Venter concolorous with or a little lighter than dorsum. Legs (excepting coxae) are concolorous with dorsum; palps are brown or yellow.
Total Length:
5.5–6.5 mm, males; 8–10 mm, females (Shultz, 2018)
Adult ID:
identifiable by photo of specific features and/or supplementary info
Structural Features:
Males with abdomen truncate or bluntly rounded, compared to pointed in the otherwise similar ventricosum. Dorsal surface of abdomen nearly flat, very few or no tubercles present (Davis, 1934). Shultz noted in the Harvestmen of Maryland website that the metapeltidium is separated from the rest of the carapace and abdomen by fairly broad membranes. Male and female reproductive structures are diagnostic (see Davis, 1934; Shultz, 2018).
Distribution in North Carolina
Comments:
Orginally recorded in North Carolina in the Swannanoa River Valley near Black Mountain. Recently, the species has been reported from Orange County in the Piedmont
County Map:
Clicking on a county returns the records for the species in that county.
Adult phenology:
High Mountains (HM) ≥ 4,000 ft.
Low Mountains (LM) < 4,000 ft.
Piedmont (Pd)
Coastal Plain (CP)
Click on graph to enlarge
Habitats and Life History
Habitats:
In Maryland, this species reportedly occurs in and near wooded areas (Shultz, 2018). The record from Orange County comes from a semi-wooded residential neighborhood with remnants of the original native vegetation still present.
Observation Methods:
Should be looked for in the spring (April and May)
Abundance/Frequency:
We currently have too few records from North Carolina to judge its frequency of occurrence or abundance
Status in North Carolina
Natural Heritage Program Status:
Natural Heritage Program Ranks:
[GNR] [S3S4]
State Protection:
Arachnids are not protected under state law, although permits are needed to collect them in State Parks and other public and private nature preserves
Comments:
This species appears to occur widely across the state, from the Blue Ridge to the eastern Piedmont. Its habitat does not appear to be restricted.
Photo Gallery for
Leiobunum flavum
- No common name
Photos: 10
Recorded by: Steve Hall on 2022-06-28
Durham Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Steve Hall on 2020-09-02
Orange Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Steve Hall on 2020-09-02
Orange Co.
Comment: Male
Recorded by: Steve Hall on 2020-08-05
Orange Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Steve Hall on 2020-07-04
Orange Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Steve Hall on 2020-06-24
Orange Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Steve Hall on 2019-06-26
Orange Co.
Comment: Adult female, 10 mm TL; collected
Recorded by: Steve Hall on 2019-06-26
Orange Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Steve Hall on 2019-06-26
Orange Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: J. Needham on 2015-06-04
Stokes Co.
Comment:
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