Hoppers of North Carolina

Hoppers of North Carolina:
Spittlebugs, Leafhoppers, Treehoppers, and Planthoppers

Family (Alpha):

CICADELLIDAE Members:	NC Records
Evacanthus ustanucha - No Common Name

Taxonomy

Family: CICADELLIDAE	Subfamily: Evacanthinae
Taxonomic Author: (Hamilton, 1983)

Identification

Online Photographs: BugGuide, GBIF iNaturalist
Description: Males have moderately long wings that extend past the tip of the abdomen. The venter is orange-yellow, unmarked except for fuscous claws on the legs. The body is mostly pale brown, with two bold black spots on the head and fuscous speckling on the rest of the head, the middle of the pronotum, and the scutellum. Wings are ivory-white, sometimes with a yellow tint; there is a broad blackish-brown to black band that extends from the sides of the pronotum down the clavi and commissure of the wings before curving towards the wing tips. [NOTE: the black band (which is broken by the claval suture on each wing) does not reach all the way to the edge of the wings, helping distinguish this species from E. bellaustralis.] In males collected from Chestnut Bald, the entire pronotum was dark; see comments section below. Females have short, rounded wings with more than one abdominal segment exposed. Females are tan or orange, sometimes yellowish. They are patterned as in the males with dark, black but less extensive markings on the wings (the smaller black dash on the wings is noticeably larger in males) and pronotum, with some individuals with markings that are paler (more of a pale brown). In these paler individuals, there is a black mark on each side of the anterior margin of the pronotum. Adult males are 4.3-4.7 mm long, females are 5.0-6.0 mm. (Hamilton, 1983)

Distribution in North Carolina

County Map: Clicking on a county returns the records for the species in that county.

Distribution: Only found in the high elevations of the southern Appalachian Mountains, it was previously only known from Mt. Mitchell and Chestnut Bald, both mountains in North Carolina; it has since been found on Craggy Mountain (however, see comment section below). This species is probably endemic to the mountains of North Carolina.

Abundance: A localized, mountaintop-inhabiting species found on several peaks in several counties in western North Carolina. There is a considerable gap between Yancey, Transylvania, and Macon counties, where this species has been recorded, so probably found at least between these two counties. However, the individuals in Transylvania and Macon counties could represent a separate species. See comments below.

Seasonal Occurrence

Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec

Habitats and Life History

Habitats: Has been found near high elevation spruce-fir coniferous forests, in grassy vegetation.

Plant Associates: Probably Diervilla (bush-honeysuckle), the host plant for a northern member of this genus [pers. comm. A. Hamilton].

Behavior: Can be attracted at night with a light.

Comment: This species is one of several Evacanthus found in North Carolina that have a similar color pattern: bellaustralis, chlamidatus, and ustanucha. See each species' respective page for how to identify each species. E. ustanucha is intermediate in coloration between the other two species, and all three species have identical genitalia; however, they are not variants of a single species since long series collected in different localities reveal little variation in the characters.

As is evident by the three species listed above, members of Evacanthus (outside of E. nigramericanus) in North Carolina have evolved into separate species according to geographic isolation, with mountain peaks serving as "sky islands" for this genus. Therefore, it seems possible/likely that the records of E. ustanucha from Transylvania and Macon counties could represent undescribed species due to the geographic isolation from the individuals on Mt. Mitchell. For the individuals collected on Chestnut Bald in Transylvania county, Hamilton (1983) notes that these specimens could represent a separate species, as suggested by the entirely dark pronotum in males.

Status: Native

Global and State Rank: GNR [G2G3] [S2S3]

Evacanthus ustanucha - No Common Name

Species Photo Gallery for Evacanthus ustanucha No Common Name

Species Photo Gallery for Evacanthus ustanucha No Common Name
	Photo by: Ted Wilcox Avery Co. Comment: unid_leafhopper	Photo by: Ted Wilcox Avery Co. Comment: unid_leafhopper
	Photo by: Ted Wilcox Avery Co. Comment: unid_leafhopper	Photo by: Ted Wilcox Avery Co. Comment: unid_leafhopper
	Photo by: Ted Wilcox Avery Co. Comment: unid_leafhopper	Photo by: Ted Wilcox Avery Co. Comment: unid_leafhopper
	Photo by: Ted Wilcox Avery Co. Comment: unid_leafhopper	Photo by: Ted Wilcox Avery Co. Comment: unid_leafhopper
	Photo by: Ted Wilcox Avery Co. Comment: unid_leafhopper	Photo by: Ted Wilcox Avery Co. Comment: unid_leafhopper
	Photo by: Ted Wilcox Avery Co. Comment: unid_leafhopper	Photo by: Ted Wilcox Avery Co. Comment: unid_leafhopper
	Photo by: Ted Wilcox Caldwell Co. Comment: unid_leafhopper	Photo by: Ted Wilcox Caldwell Co. Comment: unid_leafhopper
	Photo by: Ted Wilcox Caldwell Co. Comment: unid_leafhopper	Photo by: Ted Wilcox Avery Co. Comment: unid_leafhopper
	Photo by: Ted Wilcox Avery Co. Comment: unid_leafhopper	Photo by: Ted Wilcox Avery Co. Comment: unid_leafhopper
	Photo by: L.A. Kelton Yancey Co. Comment: This is the holotyperncoll. August 12, 1957rnimage from the Canadian National Collection	Photo by: L.A. Kelton Yancey Co. Comment: This is the holotyperncoll. August 12, 1957rnimage from the Canadian National Collection
	Photo by: Rob Van Epps Yancey Co. Comment: Many seen on Pink Turtlehead and other plants near summit of Mount Mitchell.	Photo by: Rob Van Epps Yancey Co. Comment: Many seen on Pink Turtlehead and other plants near summit of Mount Mitchell.
	Photo by: Lori Owenby Yancey Co. Comment: male	Photo by: Lori Owenby Yancey Co. Comment: male
	Photo by: Lori Owenby Yancey Co. Comment: likely this species based on location	Photo by: J. B. Sullivan Yancey Co. Comment:
	Photo by: Paul Scharf, B Bockhahn Yancey Co. Comment: Attracted to Light	Photo by: Paul Scharf, B Bockhahn Yancey Co. Comment: Attracted to Light
	Photo by: Paul Scharf, B Bockhahn Yancey Co. Comment: Caught sweeping	Photo by: Paul Scharf, B Bockhahn Yancey Co. Comment: Caught sweeping
	Photo by: Paul Scharf, B Bockhahn Yancey Co. Comment: Caught sweeping	Photo by: Paul Scharf, B Bockhahn Yancey Co. Comment: Caught sweeping