Field Guide Descriptions: Covell (1984); Beadle and Leckie (2012) | Online Photographs: MPG, BugGuide, iNaturalist, Google, BAMONA, GBIF, BOLD | Technical Description, Adults: Forbes (1954) | Technical Description, Immature Stages: Forbes (1954); Wagner et al. (2011) | |
Adult Markings: Pattern fairly distinct and unlikely to be confused with other species when fresh. Worn specimens possibly confused with species of Orthosia. Sexes are similar. |
Adult Structural Features: Both male and female genitalia are distinct and unlikely to be confused with those species which have similar maculations. |
Structural photos |
![](photos_structures/2016/tn10501.00_1451775064.jpg) Male reproductive structures |
![](photos_structures/2016/tn10501.00_1451775086.jpg) Aedeagus |
![](photos_structures/2016/tn10501.00_1451775103.jpg) Male abdominal pelt |
![](photos_structures/2016/tn10501.00_1451775125.jpg) Female reproductive structures |
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Adult ID Requirements: Identifiable from good quality photos of unworn specimens. |
Immatures and Development: Larvae are reddish-brown with no distinguishing markings on the body but with one or two pair of dark spots on the head (see Wagner et al, 2011, for illustrations and a detailed description). |
Larvae ID Requirements: Identifiable from good quality photos, especially where associated with known host plants. |