Larval Host Plants: This mostly northern species primarily feeds on spruces and firs (Heinrich, 1926; Cumming, 1954; MacKay, 1959; Lindquist and Harnden, 1966; Prentice, 1966; Baker, 1972; Tashiro, 1974; Godfrey et al., 1987; Miller, 1987; Maier et al., 2004; Eiseman, 2022). The reported hosts include Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea), Norway Spruce (Picea abies), Engelmann Spruce (P. engelmannii), White Spruce (P. glauca), Black Spruce (P. mariana), Colorado Spruce (P. pungens) and Red Spruce (P. rubens). There is a record also for Balsam Poplar (Populus balsamifera) that needs additional verification. - View |