Arachnids of North Carolina
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Common Spiders of NC
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Comments
Order:
Araneae - Spiders
Opiliones - Harvestmen
Pseudoscorpiones - Pseudoscorpions
Scorpiones - Scorpions
Scientific Name:
Common Name:
Family (Alpha):
ACROPSOPILIONIDAE-
AGELENIDAE-Funnel Weavers
AMAUROBIIDAE-Hacklemesh Weavers
ANTRODIAETIDAE-Folding Trapdoor Spiders
ANYPHAENIDAE-Ghost Spiders
ARANEIDAE-Orb Weavers
ATYPIDAE-Purseweb Spiders
BUTHIDAE-
CADDIDAE-
CHEIRACANTHIIDAE-
CHEIRIDIIDAE-
CHELIFERIDAE-
CHERNETIDAE-
CHTHONIIDAE-
CICURINIDAE-
CLUBIONIDAE-Sac Spiders
CORINNIDAE-Antmimics and Ground Sac Spiders
COSMETIDAE-Armoured harvestmen
CTENIDAE-Wandering Spiders
CYBAEIDAE-
DEINOPIDAE-Ogrefaced spider
DESIDAE-
DICTYNIDAE-Mesh Web Weavers
DYSDERIDAE-
EUCTENIZIDAE-Wafer-lid Trapdoor Spiders
FILISTATIDAE-
GARYPINIDAE-
GNAPHOSIDAE-Ground Spiders
HAHNIIDAE-
HALONOPROCTIDAE-
HYPOCHILIDAE-
LARCIDAE-
LEPTONETIDAE-
LINYPHIIDAE-Sheetweb and Dwarf Spiders
LIOCRANIDAE-Liocranid Sac Spiders
LYCOSIDAE-Wolf Spiders
MICROHEXURIDAE-
MIMETIDAE-Pirate spiders
MITURGIDAE-Prowling Spiders
MYSMENIDAE-
NEOBISIIDAE-
NEPHILIDAE-
NESTICIDAE-Scaffold Web Spiders
OECOBIIDAE-Wall spiders
OONOPIDAE-
OXYOPIDAE-Lynx Spiders
PHALANGIIDAE-
PHALANGODIDAE-Armoured harvestmen
PHILODROMIDAE-Running Crab Spiders
PHOLCIDAE-
PHONOGNATHIDAE-
PHRUROLITHIDAE-
PISAURIDAE-Nursery Web Spiders
SABACONIDAE-
SALTICIDAE-Jumping Spiders
SCLEROSOMATIDAE-
SCYTODIDAE-
SEGESTRIIDAE-
SICARIIDAE-
SPARASSIDAE-Giant Crab Spiders
STERNOPHORIDAE-
TARACIDAE-
TETRAGNATHIDAE-Long-jawed Orb Weavers
THERIDIIDAE-Cobweb Spiders
THERIDIOSOMATIDAE-Ray Spiders
THOMISIDAE-Crab Spiders
TITANOECIDAE-
TRACHELIDAE-
TRIAENONYCHIDAE-Armoured harvestmen
TRIDENCHTHONIIDAE-
ULOBORIDAE-Cribellate Orb Weavers
VAEJOVIDAE-
ZOROPSIDAE-False Wolf Spiders & Wandering Spiders
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Sclerosomatidae Members:
Hadrobunus fusiformis
Hadrobunus maculosus
Hadrobunus unidentified species
Leiobunum aldrichi
Leiobunum bracchiolum
Leiobunum calcar
Leiobunum crassipalpe
Leiobunum davisi
Leiobunum euserratipalpe
Leiobunum flavum
Leiobunum formosum
Leiobunum hoffmani
Leiobunum nigropalpi
Leiobunum politum
Leiobunum speciosum
Leiobunum unidentified species
Leiobunum uxorium
Leiobunum ventricosum
Leiobunum verrucosum
Leiobunum vittatum
Leiobunum zimmermani
Nelima elegans
NC
Records
Leiobunum nigropalpi
(Wood 1868) - No Common Name
Taxonomy
Order:
OPILIONES
Suborder:
Eupnoi
Superfamily:
Phalangioidea
Family:
Sclerosomatidae
Comments:
Approximately 30 species in this genus have been identified as occurring in North America north of Mexico (Cokendolpher and Lee, 1993; Ingianni et al., 2011), with 16 recorded in North Carolina. However, the validity of several of these species is suspect, with several that will probably be determined to be synonyms of other species, e.g., davisi, speciosum, and zimmermani in North Carolina Burns et al., 2012; Shultz, 2018). According to Shultz (2018), moreover, recent phylogenetic studies indicate both that more species are waiting to be described and that the name Leiobunum may eventually be restricted to European species, requiring new generic names for most, if not all, of our species.
Species Comment:
Belongs to the Leiobnum Calcar Species Group as described by Ingianni et al. (2011), based on both male and female reproductive structures; further confirmed by genetic analysis (Burns et al., 2012). Other North Carolina species in this group include calcar, euserratipalpe, and hoffmani.
Identification
Online Description/Photos:
BugGuide
Google
,
iNaturalist
,
Wikipedia
,
GBIF
Technical Description:
Davis (1939); Ingianni et al. (2011)
Comments:
Males are golden-yellow to light red-brown; the saddle on the abdomen is indistinct to nearly absent (Davis, 1934). Trochanters are black and strongly conrast with the reddish-brown coxae. The femurs of the legs are also dark brown to black; the remainder of the leg segments may be either all dark or light (Davis, 1934); palps are also dark brown to black except at the base and tarsus, which are yelowish. Females are dark brown above, mottled with light brown; the central figure is distinct. Legs have dark trochanters and femurs, similar to the males; palps are marked with dark brown (Davis, 1934).
Total Length:
6 mm, males; 7 mm, females (Davis, 1934)
Adult ID:
identifiable by photo of specific features and/or supplementary info
Structural Features:
The palps of the males are not swollen as they are in calcar or hoffmani. The palpal femurs also lack a retrolateral apophysis found in those two species and a row of retrolateral denticles runs down from the apex more than 1/3 of the length of the femur, whereas these denticles are confined to the apical third in calcar and hoffmani. The black color over most of the palps in both sexes distinguishes them from euserratipalpi, whose palps are light brown (Ingianni et al., 2011).
Structural photos
Penis, side view. Specimen collected 2019-07-06 by J.B. Sullivan in Ashe County
Penis showing contriction near apex. Specimen collected 2019-07-06 by J.B. Sullivan in Ashe County
Row of denticles on palpal femur. Specimen collected 2019-07-06 by J.B. Sullivan in Ashe County
Distribution in North Carolina
Comments:
Probably occurs over most of the Piedmont and Mountains
County Map:
Clicking on a county returns the records for the species in that county.
Adult phenology:
High Mountains (HM) ≥ 4,000 ft.
Low Mountains (LM) < 4,000 ft.
Piedmont (Pd)
Coastal Plain (CP)
Click on graph to enlarge
Habitats and Life History
Habitats:
Widespread in Eastern forests (Shultz, 2018)
Observation Methods:
This species is diurnally active and is found on the surface of the ground or up on tree trunks (Shultz, 2018)
Abundance/Frequency:
Status in North Carolina
Natural Heritage Program Status:
Natural Heritage Program Ranks:
[GNR] [S4S5]
State Protection:
Arachnids are not protected under state law, although permits are needed to collect them in State Parks and other public and private nature preserves
Comments:
Although we do not yet have enough records to be certain, this species will probably turn out to be found in hardwood forests throughout most of the state.
Photo Gallery for
Leiobunum nigropalpi
- No common name
Photos: 11
Recorded by: Mark Basinger and Jim Petranka on 2024-08-07
Mitchell Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Mark Basinger and Jim Petranka on 2024-08-07
Mitchell Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Mark Basinger, Jim Petranka, and Becky Elkin on 2024-08-06
Mitchell Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Mark Basinger, Jim Petranka, and Becky Elkin on 2024-08-06
Mitchell Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Mark Basinger, Jim Petranka, and Becky Elkin on 2024-08-06
Mitchell Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Owen McConnell on 2020-09-29
Granville Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Owen McConnell on 2020-09-29
Granville Co.
Comment:
Recorded by: Steve Hall and Bo Sullivan on 2019-06-30
Ashe Co.
Comment: Adult male
Recorded by: Steve Hall and Bo Sullivan on 2019-06-30
Ashe Co.
Comment: Adult male
Recorded by: Steve Hall and Bo Sullivan on 2019-06-30
Ashe Co.
Comment: Adult female
Recorded by: Steve Hall and Bo Sullivan on 2019-06-30
Ashe Co.
Comment: Adult female
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